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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

U. BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE 
E. E. PRATT, Chief 



MISCELLANEOUS SERIES— No. 25 



EUROPEAN MARKETS 
FOR FISH 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

I9I5 



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ADDITIONAL COPIES 

OF THIS PUBUCATION MAY BE PEOCURED FEOM 

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

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CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Letter of submittal 5 

Introduction 7 

United Kingdom 16 

Germany 19 

France 23 

Russia 24 

Netherlands 27 

Spain 27 

Italy 28 

Roumania 30 

Serbia 31 

Greece 32 

Bulgaria 34 

Switzerland 35 

Egypt 36 

3 



LETTER OF SUBMITTAL. 



Department of Commerce, 
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 

Washington, March SI, 1915. 
Sir : There is submitted herewith a report on the European markets 
for fish, with a few additional paragraphs on the Egyptian industry. 
With the exception of a few extracts from consular reports, the 
information and statistics have been compiled in the Bureau. 
Respectfully, 

E. E. Pratt, 

Chief of Bureau. 
To Hon. William C. Redfield, 

Secretary of Commerce. 

5 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



INTRODUCTION. 

Although the catch of the American fisheries is as valuable as that 
of any other country in the world, it is not so important as some 
others in proportion to the size and population of the country. In 
some parts of the United States fish forms an important part of the 
diet, but in most sections it is looked upon simply as an occasional 
substitute for the customary meat and not at all as a necessity. 
It is therefore difhcult for the American to appreciate the importance 
of fisheries to great sections of Europe, where any diminution in the 
fish supply would mean actual hardship. 

The statistics contained in this report have been brought together 
to show the extent to which various European countries depend 
upon the fisheries. A glance at these statistics will indicate the 
seriousness of any prolonged interruption of the European mdustry. 

For purposes of comparison there are inserted here two tables of 
statistics relating to the fishing industry in the United States. The 
first shows the American catch of the more important fishes in 
1908, as determined by the Bureau of the Census in conjunction 
with the Bureau of Fisheries: 



Species. 


Poimds. 


Value. 


Species. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Oysters 


233,309,000 
90,417,000 

110,0.54,000 
27,641,000 
15,279,000 
16,717,000 
49, 869, 000 
34,441,000 
59,987,000 
42,763,000 
41,118,000 
52,913,000 
33,703,000 

394,776,000 
12,103,000 
12,024,000 

125,0.50,000 


$15,713,000 

3,347,000 

2,914,000 

2,113,000 

1,931,000 

1,896,000 

1,776,000 

1,562,000 

1, 308, 000 

1,135,000 

989,000 

912,000 

908, 000 

893,000 

848, 000 

800,000 

796,000 


Catfish 


17,817,000 

81,869,000 

13,8.J4,000 

89, 97X, 000 

23, 346, 000 

15,247,000 

622, 000 

7, 722, 000 

7,f)47,00O 

16,729,000 

19,080,000 

34,340,*K) 

29,462,000 

183,577,000 


$785,000 


Salmon 


Mussel shells, pearls. 


Cod 


692,000 


Shad 




Lobster 




589 000 


Clams 




.588, 000 
.5S),000 
545 000 






Halibut 




Haddock 




524 000 


Carp, German 


Bluefish 




Lake herrings 


Bull'alo fish 


498, 000 
494 000 


Crabs 


Shrimp and prawn 

Hake.: 


Mullet 


464' 000 


Menhaden 


Pollack .. 


402 000 


Mackerel 




6,872 000 




Total 




Herrings, salt-water — 


1,893,454,000 


54,031,000 





Tlie second table indicates the distribution of the American fish- 
eries; it shows the output of the various State fisheries in 1908: 



states. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


States. 


Pounds. 


Value. 




244,313,000 

312,515,000 

76,485,000 

100,456,000 

74,087,000 

113,796,000 

173,843,000 

74, 827, 000 

66,942,000 

47,477,000 

101,422,000 

44,2.54,000 

46,106,000 

38,302,000 

74,620,000 

28,217,000 


$7,095,000 
4,716,000 
4,594,000 
3,513,000 
3,389,000 
3, 306, 000 
3, 257, 0(X) 
3,069,00) 
2, 982, OIX) 
1,970,000 
1,770,000 
1,752,000 
1,569,000 
1,473,000 
1,436,000 
1,356,000 
1,067,000 
840,000 
701,000 
556,000 




70,769,000 
11,88S,0{W 
10,439,000 
10, 665, 000 
6, 751,(H)0 

14, 104, aw 

15,507,000 

8,867,000 

12,567,000 

7,47.5,000 

4,.5(.)6,0O0 

5,390,000 

677, 000 

432, 000 

399,000 

70,000 

33,000 

8,000 


$.541,000 






513,000 
446, oa) 
387, 000 




Te.xas 




Florida 




271,000 


Maryland 




288,000 
223, 000 






New Jersey 


Iowa 


215, 000 


Connecticut 




207,000 






192, 000 


North Carolina 




112,000 


Rhode Island 




110,000 




New Hampshire 


53,000 




28,000 






22,000 
4,000 








30, 953, 000 
28,917,000 
14,828,000 
20,547,000 




2,000 


Ohio 








Total 






1,893,454,000 


54,031,000 









8 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



More recent statistics for the total catch of all the American fish- 
eries are not available, but the Bureau of Fisheries issues annual 
bulletins that show in considerable detail the extent and value of 
certain selected fisheries. Such a bulletin relating to the fishery 
products landed at Boston and Gloucester during the calendar year 
1914 has just been issued. 

The Boston and Gloucester fleets in 1914 numbered 393 vessels of 
all classes. They brought in 7,598 fares or trips of fish, aggregating 
162,589,220 pounds, for which the fishermen received $4,395^0:30. The 
catch of the principal fishes as landed in a fresh, frozen, or salted 
condition was as follows: 



Species. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Species. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Cod 


47,529,025 
57, 754, 128 
12,752,971 
12,4,54,723 
5,858,990 


$1,359,416 

1,381,150 

242, 503 

199, 730 

102, 779 


Halibut 


3,379,585 
10,748,847 
0, 088, 850 
1,499,844 
3,921,657 


.1276,3.50 


Haddock . . 


Herrings 


227,213 


Hake 


Mackerel 


354, 725 


Pollack 


Swordfish 


177,669 


Cusk 


All others 


73, 483 









Practically the entire catch of the vessels discharging at Boston 
consisted of fresh fish, which were sold in that condition, while about 
two-fifths of the receipts at Gloucester were salted, and a large part 
of those brought in fresh were subsequently salted before sale. 

EXPORTS OF AMERICAN FISH. 

The only American fish product that is exported on a large scale 
is canned salmon. This well-laiown article is sold all over the woi-ld, 
although three-fourths of the exports go directly to England, from 
which country it is reexported in large quantities. Exports of 
canned salmoii in 1914 totaled nearly .$8,000,000, of which practi- 
cally $6,000,000 worth went to England. The exports of all Amer- 
ican fish and fish products for the fisciil years 1910, 1913, and 1914 
are shown by countries of destination in the following table: 

FRESH FISH, EXCEPT SALMON. 





1910 


1913 


1914 


Countries of deslinaliDn. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Europe: 










18, 375 

.339,010 

2,000 

43, 101 

2,015 

5, 100, 950 

24. 290 

5,4U7 


$2, 060 




32,0.54 


$2, 885 


90,815 


.1i;i2,;i40 


43, 2S0 




320 












4,978 


North America: 










346 


Canada 


4,24.5,054 


190, 514 


.5,277,775 


209,933 


200, 089 
1,803 




32, 222 


2,980 


10, 104 

212 

950 

64,234 


791 

IS 

47 

2,340 


034 


West Indies- 
British— 










1,500 
855,279 


i87 


Cuba 


341,332 

637 
1,000 

""hi,'ni 


14,4.88 

09 

58 

2,876' 


48,078 


South America: 
Brazil 














Oceania: 
British— Australia 


"'73,' 1.58 " 


5,857' 


3, 850 
70, 805 


188 
4,908 






Total ... 


4,703,413 


213,,S70 


.5,517,218 


291,. 3.32 


0,534,400 


300,871 







EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 
DRIED. SMOKED, OR CURED COD, HADDOCK, HAKE, AND POLLOCK. 



Coimtrics of destination. 



1910 



Pounds. Value 



1913 



Poimds. 



1914 



Value. l'oimd.s. 



Value. 



Europe: 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Italy 

Portugal 

United Kingdom— England. . 
North America: 

Bermuda 

British Honduras 

Canada 

Central American States — 

Costa Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

Panama 

Salvador 

Mexico 

Newfoundland and Labrador . 
West Indies- 
British— 

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Trinidad and Tobago 

Other British 

Cuba 

Danish 

Dutch 

French 

Haiti 

Santo Dommgo 

South America: 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

ChDo 

Colombia 

Ecuador 

Guiana — 

British 

Dutch 

French 

Peru 

Venezuela 

Asia: 

China 

Chosen 

East Indies — 
British — 

Straits Settlements 

Other British 

French 

Hongkong 

Japan 

Oceania: 
British- 
Australia 

New Zealand 

Other British 

French 

Germany 

Philippine Islands 

Africa: 

German Africa 

Liberia 



205 
21,000 



120, 3(50 
7, 300 
10,000 

561 
77,259 
44,354 

23, 760 
SO, 191 
26,006 
27, 450 
270, 174 
6,020 
31,628 
1,060 



122,994 

242,409 
174, 189 

36,687 
880 

28, 442 
650,117 



309,278 

5,760 

15,348 

600 

9,770 
214, 120 
21,134 

2,010 
61,931 

18,310 

088 



Total. 



320 
0,112 
7(), 300 
3,340 



104,310 

4, 150 

120 

9,330 

10, 276 

24,860 

12, 320 

17,956 



3,051,449 



648 



4,825 
300 
475 

50 
3,111 
2,106 

1,425 

4,738 

1,127 

1,034 

13,210 

460 

2,300 

52 



7,000 

11,627 
6,164 
2, 520 
20 
1,602 

24,628 



20,911 

380 
945 
53 

475 

10,425 

824 

182 

4,023 

1,395 
64 



26 

440 

5,147 

249 



10,593 

290 

10 

658 

584 

2,307 

290 

780 



150, 567 



2,250 



24, 000 

1,028 
99, 262 
91,370 

55, 745 
125,643 
62, 156 
40, 522 
186, 654 
9,980 
100, 905 
1,607 



7,100 

34,842 

2,904 

7, 731 

250, 2.S8 

184,240 

13,844 



103,219 
1,478,520 



458 
850, 879 



11,547 
470 

94,000 

254,044 

13, 132 

2,380 

06,815 

17,229 
1,403 



200 

2,270 

1,750 

81,990 

3,035 



61,400 
13,912 
380 
13,080 
10, 870 
10, 100 



4,484,414 



.?2O0 



1,350 

91 
5, .303 
6,299 

3,639 
8,610 
3,342 
2,192 
9,919 

837 
7,705 

119 



335 
2, 030 
150 
302 
10, 5()7 
7, 090 
1, ISO 



1,000 

4,905 
117,047 
113,469 

74,265 
132,317 

67, 702 

31,942 
140,224 

12, 500 

108,631 

1,080 



4,500 

17,010 

79, 340 

4,374 

980,071 

103, 129 

12,947 



11,576 
70, 361 

48 
55, 858 



804 
41 

3, 923 

10,449 

544 

223 

3,955 

1, 434 
138 



14 

164 

132 

4, 9(i3 

275 



4,228 

1, 062 

39 

SS9 

667 

1,121 



245, 842 



1,393,327 
1,550,018 



270 

391,327 



12,407 
2,410 

217,798 

297, 553 

8, 108 

148 

50,218 

16,531 
563 



50 



1,6.54 
73, 135 
2, 600 



62, 000 
12, 400 
280 
15, 155 
8,:i64 
14,950 



13, 128 



6.156,907 



406 
6, 180 
6,521 

4,878 
10,110 
3, 822 
1, 760 
10, 133 
1, 190 
8,454 
56 



252 

905 

4, 556 

194 

59, 846 
4,;i77 
1, 158 



118,058 
84,274 



23 
25, 108 



970 

248 

9,967 

12, 565 

418 

14 

2, 5.58 

1, 390 

57 



141 

4,917 

263 



4,:5S9 
993 
30 

1,144 
572 

1,824 



DRIED, SMOKED, 


OR CURED HERRINGS. 






Europe: 
Germanv 


750 

1.50 
2,740 


$30 

5 
70 










United Kingdom- 
England '. 
















11,980 

3, 750 

10,949 

402, 150 


$585 


North America: 
Bermuda 






138 


British Honduras 


1, 888 
5,235 


67 
248 


5, 105 
329, 193 


«216 
3,995 


389 


Canada 


9,443 



88193°— 15- 



10 



EUROPEAN MARKETS I OR FISH. 
DRIED, SMOKED, OR CURED HERRINGS— Continued. 



Countries of destination. 



Central American States- 
Costa Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

Panama 

Mexico 

West Indies— 
British— 

IBarbados 

Jamaica 

Trinidad and Tobago . . 

Other Britisli 

Cuba 

Danish 

Dutch 

French 

Haiti 

Santo Domingo 

South America: 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Chile 

Colombia 

Guiana — 

British 

Dutch 

French 

Peru 

Venezuela 

Asia: 

China 

Hongkong 

Japan 

Africa: British Africa — West. 

French Africa 

Liberia 



Total 



1910 



4,267 

560 

100 

575 

31,965 

1,029 



88,314 
20,296 
17,716 
6, 600 
166, 252 
145,092 



304 



12, 300 
1,279 



200, 000 
338, 100 



3, 500 

1,200 

18,244 



1,116,122 



Value. 



$170 
20 
4 

19 

1,098 

65 



1,402 

3, 108 

745 

6SS 

246 

6, 937 

6, 108 



505 
49 



2,000 
3,390 



75 

50 

637 



28,247 



1913 



Poimds. Value 



3,179 
2, 932 
4,953 
1,738 
37, 722 
3,575 



1,000 

1,612 

29,080 

8, 332 

117,596 

.35, 425 

28, 578 

114,690 

865, ,S90 

263, 512 



56,200 

251 

1,440 



23, 569 
1,000 



3,482,891 
3,664,110 
5,437,810 



1,4,S0 



14,539,140 



$115 
.347 
186 
66 
1,315 
133 



35 

76 

1,262 

387 

4, 518 

1,227 

1,142 

4,3.56 

26, .5.55 

9,259 



2,711 
11 
43 



1,072 
39 



38,2,58 
37, 148 
73, 494 



70 



208, ,880 



Pounds. Value 



3, 167 
7, 823 
5,9,58 
1, 7.59 
55, 242 
2, .555 



12,400 

3, ,865 

24,329 

7,920 

463, 693 

48, 759 

44,. 342 

215, 731 

2, 5,50, 930 

1,119,590 

1,000 



3,445 



20, 525 
12,378 



60 
3, 745 

631,300 
3,3.52,205 
1,39,8,000 



784 



10,4,S0,334 



$116 
263 
211 
58 
2,2,55 
105 



4,SS 

190 

993 

319 

17,095 

1,774 

1,6,S9 

7,090 

98, 1.59 

41,750 

40 



810 
573 



2 
151 

6,312 
36,567 
13,980 



35 



241,701 



ALL OTHER DRIED. SMOKED, OR CURED FISH. 



Europe: 


22,201 


$1,474 
















4,50 


$26 




1,400 


125 










9,412 

240 

238 
483, 915 

4,950 

1,047 
825 

1,3,80 
1 1 , 058 
47,418 

1,1,50 

( 


$424 

16 
12 

21,760 

259 
65 
57 
97 

613 

4,154 

65 


301 


20 


North America: 










649 
23,592 


34 
1,732 


4,094 
89, 365 

8,258 
11,264 

2,236 
337 

1,7.89 
14,974 


i65 


Canada 


7,428 


Central American States- 


,520 




3,673 

42 

269 

112 

16,981 


191 

2 

14 

4 

1,3,30 


802 


Honduras 

Nicaragua 


94 
14 




107 


Mexico 


1,2,83 






West Indies — 
British— 


[ 8,290 
23,092 


509 

723 








1 136 


19 












Other British 


1::;::::;:: 




200 

258, .543 

47,928 


17 


Cuba 


3,900 


156 


7,4.55 




2,140 


Dutch . . 


200 


46 














975 


34 


Haiti 


60,033 
60, 801 


2, ,829 
2,8,33 








Santo Domingo 


58, 259 

7.85, 967 


2,217 
50, 445 


48,900 


1,883 


South America: 




Chile .. 


3,267 
270 


99 
20 






Colombia 


124 


10 







EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 
ALL OTHER DRIED, SMOKED, OR CURED FISH— Continued. 



11 



Countries of destination. 


1910 


1913 


1914 




Pounds. 


Value. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


South America— Continued. 
Guiana — 










4,032 


$323 


Dutch 


16,250 


$1,622 


36,118 


$1,465 


French 


10, .500 
400 

9, .500 

.50,000 

3,381,379 

100,500 

990 


483 








9,376 
176,300 


422 
4,456 


19 


Asia: 
China 


3,500 


350 


1 491 


Straits Settlements 


843 


Hongkong 


1,500 


150 


3,328,185 
1,717,390 

1,280 
600 
210 

1,8.56 


154,968 
30,744 

88 
36 
26 
75 


14.5,536 
6,675 

61 




Oceania: 
French 






German 








Philippine Islands 


160 


14 


3,500 


250 


Africa: Liberia 














Total 


246,282 


14, 101 


6,681,334 


272,649 


4,050,415 


177,669 





PICKLED FISH. 



Europe: 
Denmark . 


Barrels. 




Barrels. 

1,492 

690 


.$10,825 
7,185 


Barrels. 

0,046 

4.50 

3 

28 


$44,260 

4,665 

30 








France 


3 


$25 








431 








5 
590 


44 
5,275 








605 

762 

2,080 

250 
12 

30 

64 

515 

192 
55 
73 
20 

84 
29 

266 

589 

188 

100 

116 

242 

33 

12 

19,8.55 

304 

1,743 
2 
10 

275 

825 
26 










6 170 








200 
61 


2,130 
358 




United Kingdom^ 
England 


6 
2 


46 
15 


1 635 


Scotland 


fO 


North America: 
Bermuda 


5 
24 
71 

172 
29 
19 
15 
75 
16 

f 44 

1 251 

54 

1 131 

1,519 

391 

93 

30 

14,541 

446 


41 
179 
976 

2,109 
231 
138 
115 

848 
200 

364 
1,982 

617 
1,022 
9,483 
2,417 

924 

219 

82,603 

4,634 


164 


British Honduras 


3 
104 

73 
13 
2 

7 

147 

5 

[ 367 

605 
454 
55 
5 
8,114 
39 

272 


37 
1,014 

799 
158 
24 
84 
1,291 
47 

4,330 

3,978 

2,631 

582 

36 

44,254 

459 

6,165 


436 


Canada 


4 599 


Central American States- 
Costa Rica 


1 882 


Gautemala 


428 


Honduras . 


569 




139 


Panama... 


960 


Mexico 


267 


West Indies- 
British— 
Barbados 


2 3.55 


Jamaica 


3,610 


Trinidad and Tobago 


2 206 


Other British 


840 


Cuba 


1 423 


Danish 


1 6S9 


Dutch 


206 


French 


100 


Haiti 


102,320 
3,335 

14,876 
22 


Santo Domiugo 


South America: 
Brazil 


Chile 






Colombia 


8 

491 

364 

3 


93 

4,936 

3,144 

35 


25 

23 

886 
9 
1 
2 

14 
21 

3 
3 

1 
3 


247 

266 

7,247 

106 

18 

20 

253 
420 

34 
30 
12 
33 


99 


Guiana — 
British 


3,071 
6,749 


Dutch 


French 


245 


Peru 




Venezuela 


5 


52 


2 


20 


Asia: 
China 




Hongkong 


100 


1,805 






Oceania: 
British- 
New Zealand 






Other British 










French 










German 






1 


19 


Philippine Islands 


6 


66 






1 


7 
















Total 


11,253 


76,106 


21,956 


143,612 


35,887 


234,771 







12 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 
CANNED SALMON. 



Countries of destination. 


1910 


1913 


1914 


rounds. 


Value. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Europe: 


100 


$12 












13,000 

186,996 

2,400 

33,120 

41,929 

2,400 

720 

9, (m 

9, 456 

250 


$940 

17,485 

250 

2,710 

3, 688 

2.50 

75 

732 

1,005 

26 


45,590 
75,693 


$3,024 








6,110 












1,878 
424 


223 
51 


14,400 
85,738 
5,100 
6,720 
2,400 
11,000 
3,300 


1,443 




4,870 


Gibraltar 


541 


Italy 






644 








300 




9,744 


1,020 


1,100 




320 




11,580 
5,100 


1,210 
506 




Spain 


1,300 


134 


3, 795 
7,200 
1,500 

62,318,612 

274,080 

7,200 

43,346 

31,486 

3, 632, 465 

149,848 
46, 171 
57,387 
50, 497 

367,678 
13,806 

754, 172 

77,836 
188,856 
175,590 

73,274 
306, 749 

13,259 

34,. 511 

894 

2,670 

77,120 

.51,444 

26,944 

80, 129 

2,123,237 

183,508 
277, 488 

132, 455 

97,859 

7,266 

301,374 

4,6C)0 

186,074 

552 
45, 504 

1,920 


365 




700 












150 


United Kingdom- 


44,737,072 


4,709,160 


25,076,343 
30,640 


2,674,626 
3,333 


5,982,247 




23,906 








450 


North America: 


26,484 

28,310 

9,022 

157,946 
16,821 
16,240 
2S,116 

482,717 
5,498 

697,217 

[ 548,561 

08,737 
14,655 

9,838 
196 

2,038 
22,120 

229, 461 
33,502 
267,354 
1,556,629 
114,274 
272, 411 

222, 398 
57,509 
17,724 

367,676 
11,730 
43,144 


2,383 
2,(i06 
7,570 

12,237 
1,361 
1,361 
2,066 

45, 404 
423 

50,782 

53,939 

6, 486 
1,512 
1,160 
18 
185 
2,058 

15,690 
2,941 

28,241 

92,259 
9,494 

16,487 

22,133 
6,297 

1,784 

24,817 

1,167 

4,887 


58,392 

27, 153 

992,053 

100,964 
53,991 
34,213 
128, 597 
587,909 
17, 136 
1,427,853 

f 32,303 

I 288,243 

1 169,123 

I 51,239 

160, 933 

6,716 

27,464 

270 

12,765 

94,393 

110,404 

43,648 

219, 492 

2,318,720 

173,7(.K) 

293, 175 

214,349 

69, 223 

21,178 

513,311 

8,633 

148,878 

240 
83,568 


5,633 

2,768 

105, 813 

7,627 
4,162 
3,146 
9,185 
48,959 
1,373 
102,853 

3,542 
26, 107 
17,743 

5,865 

13,281 

742 

2,811 
28 

1,210 

7,975 

9,984 
2,329 
22,820 
143,574 
13,018 
17,787 

22, 438 
6,578 
1,605 

34,129 
883 

17,222 

21 

6, 760 


3,986 




3,430 


Canada 

Central American States — 


314,917 
10,247 




3,744 




5,821 


Nicaragua...- 


3,880 




31,350 


Salvador 


1,000 




53,608 


West Indies- 
British— 
Barbados 


0,013 


Jamaica 


17,805 


Trinidad and Toliago .... 


16,171 




7, 158 


Cuba 


21,917 


Danish 


1,273 


Dutch 


3,181 


French 


95 


Haiti 


260 


Santo Domingo 


5,682 


South Aiiierica: 


4,472 




1,634 




7,211 


Chile 


134,678 


Colombia 


12,760 


Ecuador 


15,280 


Guiana- 
British 


13,444 


Dutch 


8,153 


French 


065 




19,091 


Uruguay 


351 




15,936 


Asia: 
Aden . . . . 


28 


China 


28,522 
3,120 


2,688 
345 


3,980 


China, leased territory- 
British 


200 




192 
13,200 

550,094 

1,635,282 

143,856 

356, 448 


1,011 

38,069 

116,365 

8, 962 

31,084 






2,016 

294,252 
918,275 
34,224 
189,604 


220 

22,876 

76,285 

2,458 

15,920 


2,928 

327,817 

1,541,408 

135,840 

331,776 

624 

480,036 

2,614 

144 

480 

4,352 


266 


East Indies- 
British— 


21,168 


Straits Settlements . . . . 


90,292 


Other British 


9,141 


Dutch 


22,408 


French 


43 




121,558 
3,716 


12,234 
352 


767,810 
2,256 


49,3(J0 
289 


32, 109 


Japan 


274 
13 


Siam 


1,008 


93 


39,360 
632 


2,208 
58 


00 




420 


Other Asia 


480 


45 





EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 
CANNED SALMON— Continued. 



13 



Countries of destination. 


1910 


1913 


1914 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Pounds. 


Vahie. 


Oceania: 
Britisli— 
Australia 


5, .351, 172 

123, 646 

66,826 

241,200 

360,576 

5,425,404 


$538,854 
12,458 
5,160 
22,589 
22, 554 
396, 604 


0,331,184 

194,,s:i6 

53,006 

335, 8(X) 

381,744 

10, 122, 820 

9,400 

376, 977 

20,936 

2,830 


$764,379 

20,377 

4,036 

34,790 

27,560 

590, 12S 

1,020 

31,170 

1,808 

305 


5,961,723 

95, 136 

73,984 

3,89, 424 

534, 484 

5,034,252 


$006, 703 




9,2,89 


Other British 


5,168 


French 


37,218 




33,247 




206, 369 


Africa: 
British Africa- 
West 




South 


3.57,051 

1,440 

910 


37, 707 
120 
92 


295, 607 
15,024 
2,860 
2,400 
36, 650 
1,000 


24,501 




1,0.59 


German A frica 


300) 
230 




151,470 


14,674 


52, 4t)0 
800 


5,029 
85 


3,238 




113 










Total 


63, 860, 696 


6,314,258 


55,290,966 


5,103,340 


87,750,920 


7,999,293 







ALL OTHER SALMON. 



Countries of destina- 
tion. 


1910 


1913 


1914 


Countries of destina- 
tion. 


1910 


1913 


1914 


Eiu-ope: 






$75 

"84 ,"727 

18,395 

3,061 

1,837,624 

7,5.50 

38, 886 


South America: 




$30 

173 

14 

3,162 




Belgium 




$730 

.53, 494 

12, .582 

400 

1,8.57,500 

2,100 

23,516 


Brazil 

Chile 


$3,029 






$83, 5.80 


$2.58 




Colombia 


16. 






415 
1,223,595 


Ecuador 


109 




Guiana- 


823 
217 

695 








470 




45, ,88.5 
5, 200 
42, 725 

66, 555 

630 


Dutch 




78 


Russia in Eiu-ope 


French 


16 
14 




44,635 
60, 152 


34,312 

49, .869 

324 
276 

82, 742 

127 
18 
2 

395 
23 

584 

-ii 

253 






United Kingdom- 
England 




311 

89 
3 

60 
41 
10 
90 
55 

21,913 
913 
89 
1,886 
1,189 
2,089 

1,208 


18 


Asia: 

China 

Chosen 


39 

25 

522 




North America: 


122 
26 


British Honduras 




East Indie.s — 
British— British 






23, 5.59 

197 
02 
11 


31,562 

227 

7 

10 

1 , 009 






28 


gtates — 


Dutch 






Hongkong 


779 
33 


1,960 






292 




Tiu-key m Asia 

Oceania: 
British- 






17,972 
2,795 
49 
1,222 
1,727 
1,934 

1,210 




Salvador 






555 

3,067 

97 
42 
78 
19 
283 
313 


450 
f 250 

1 ^ 


20, 559 


West Indies — 
British — 


New Zealand 

Other British 


364 

74 

1,425 


Jamaica 


German 


727 


Trin. and Tobago. 
Other British 


Philippine Islands . . . 
Africa: 
British Africa — 
South ... 


2,181 


Cuba 


457 
123 


233 
47 
86 

385 

551 








Dutch 


Egypt 


32 




49 

16 

533 






1,000 






Total 






Santo Domingo 


1,532,640 


2,122,566 


2,195,309 







14 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 
CANNED FISH, EXCEPT SALMON AND SHELLFISH. 



Countries of destina- 
tion. 



Europe: 

AustriarHiingary 

Azores, and Madeira 
Islands 

Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Russia in Europe .... 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

United Kingdom- 
England 

Scotland 

North America: 

Bermuda 

British Honduras 

Canada 

Central American 
States- 
Costa Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

Panama 

Salvador 

Me.xico 

Newfoundland and 
Labrador 

West Indies- 
British— 

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Trin. and Tobago. 

Other British 

Cuba 

Danish 

Dutch 

French 

Haiti 

Santo Domingo 

South America: 

Argentina 

Bolivia 

Brazil 



1910 



$100 



3,39o 
572 
213 



3, 100 
32,1 



109, 7S6 
417 

186 

310 

•1,272 



77.S 
608 
175 
695 
2,201 
236 
16,270 



1,126 

3,063 
376 

1,3)4 

24 

551 

2,002 

688 

1,148 

5S, 376 



1913 



$25 

10 

175 

12,205 

1,558 

924 

393 

10 

400 

40 



1,136 
700 

397 

752 

11,565 



363 
3,833 
4,019 
2,787 
3,578 

633 
11,449 



97 

1,587 

49 

706 

9, 251 

261 

138 

90 

585 

6,028 

940 

537 

1,5,907 



1914 



$169 

198 

30 

28 

354 

627 

280 

32 

630 



125 
'185 



5,140 
182 

1,167 

860 

13,763 



266 
3,877 
3,859 
4,051 
5,931 

185 
15,546 



20 
1,301 

208 
1,508 
5,581 

169 

249 
63 

754 
7,271 

1,539 

59 

14,266 



Countries of destina- 
tion. 



South America— Contd, 

Chile 

Colombia 

Ecuador 

Guiana — 

British 

Dutch 

French 

Paraguay 

Peru 

Uniguay 

Venezuela 

Asia: 

Aden 

China 

Chosen 

East Indies — 

British- 
British India 

Straits Settlem't? 
Other British 

Dut<-h 

French 

Hongkong 

Japan 

Russia m Asia 

Siam 

Turkey in Asia 

Oceania: 
British — 

Australia 

New Zealand 

Other British 

French 

German 

Philippine Islands. . . 
Africa: 
British Africa — 

West 

South 

Canary Islands 

Egypt 

French Africa 

German Africa 

Liberia 

Portuguese Africa 

Spanish Africa 



Total. 



1910 



$1,357 

1,217 

342 

115 

608 
446 

74 
4,028 

45 
800 



764 
1,87 



916 
110 

10 
196 

43 

162 

218 

232 

4 



229 

13 

8 

182 

194 

11,946 

681 

2,101 

62 



69 
390 
33 



240,389 



$1,627 
2,261 
1,003 

53 
274 

717 



2,208 

549 

1,775 



1,4,81 
386 



374 

30 

7 

162 

30 

256 

301 

9 



390 
310 
122 

1,187 
7.56 

8,766 



6 
1,071 



2,274 
1,599 



1, 243 

'i,'469 

30 

1,861 

194 



671 
104 



41 

490 

226 

18 

19 

18 



1,499 

608 

93 

1,452 

395 

12,672 



27 
37 
187 
14 
27 
22 
8 
45 
25 



OYSTERS. 



Europe: 

Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Spain 

Switzerland 

United Kingdom- 
England 

Scotland 

Ireland 

North America: 

Bermuda 

British Honduras 

Canada 

C e n t r a 1 American 
States- 
Costa Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

Panama 

Salvador 



$10 


$22 


$12 


36 
142 






40 


88 


579 


1,539 


1,532 


35 




123 
36 


25 
12 


12 


136 


41 


734 


10 
163,495 




4 
159,171 


156,315 


489 


900 


1,804 


29 


8 


14 


1,,5.50 


519 


1,112 


572 


542 


635 


285,599 


340, 4.58 


340, 719 


2,817 


1,513 


3,872 


1,121 


939 


1,617 


343 


1,104 


1,459 


998 


3,780 


1,711 


5,784 


5,161 


4,768 


359 


499 


644 



North America — Contd 

Mexico 

Miquelon, Langley, 

etc 

Newfoundland and 

Labrador 

West Indies — 
British — 

Barbados , 

Jamaica 

Trin. and Tobago 
Other British. 

Cuba 

Danish 

Dutch 

French 

Haiti 

Santo Domingo. 
South America: 

Argentina 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Chile 

Colombia 

Ecuador 




52,399 
1,342 

166 
1,238 

518 
1,178 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 
OYSTERS— Continued. 



15 



Countries of destina- 
tion. 


1910 


1913 


1914 


Countries of destina- 
tion. 


1910 


1913 


1914 


South America — Contd, 
Guiana — 


$259 

60 

58 

2,015 

2, 793 

2,188 

73 


$236 
52 


$294 
27 


Asia — Continued. 
Japan 




$218 
14 

36, 156 

1,213 

161 

105 

34 

6, 365 


$24 


British 


Siam 


$5 

27,801 

487 

33 

180 

56 

11, 188 

23 

1,969 

17 

23 

907 




Dutch 


Oceania: 
British- 








Peru 


1,806 
3,584 
3,261 

744 

9 
114 

99 

74 

i22" 


1,435 
2, 132 
1,604 

1,576 

64 

98 

42 
19 
66 


52 150 


Uruguay 


New Zealand 

Other British 

French 


956 




107 


Asia: 


263 


China 


German. 


103 


China, leased terri- 
tory- 
Japanese 


Philippine Islands . . . 
Africa: 
British Africa- 
West 


4,206 


Chosen 


24 

87 




East Indies — 


South 


3,,S31 


1,569 


British- 


French Africa 

Liberia 




British India 






Straits Settle- 


Portuguese Africa 

Total 


171 


174 


Dutch. .. . 


36 
348 


594,066 


633,332 


6G6 432 













ALL OTHER SHELLFISH. 



Europe: 
Azores, and Madeira 

Islands 

Belgium 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Italy 

Norway 

Portugal 

Spain 

Sweden 

United Kingdom — 

England 

Scotland 

North America: 

Bermuda 

Britisli Honduras 

Canada 

Central American 
States- 
Costa Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

Panama 

Salvador 

Mexico 

Miquelon, Langley, 

etc 

Newfoundland and 

Labrador 

West Indies- 
British- 

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Trin. and Tobago 
Other British.... 

Cuba 

Danish 

Dutch 

Haiti 

Santo Domingo 



$1,240 

2,944 

4,751 

346 

50 

271 



11,576 

4,478 



15, 686 
425 



374 

756 
30, 539 



5, 135 

440 

570 

1,102 

21,755 

1.58 

17, 100 



2,373 

1.5,211 
344 
332 

81 
378 



$379 

835 

442 

11 



338 

570 

13,955 

6, 468 

100 

52, 682 



102 

630 

1,034 

87 

23, 550 

29 

19 

1,.535 

780 



$2, 332 

1,420 

225 

899 



17,382 

5,771 

40 

10, 553 
163 



177 


615 


679 


936 


36, 726 


47, 544 


2, 635 


5,616 


819 


1,733 


1,292 


2, 569 


3, 685 


1,878 


19,161 


24,850 


235 


378 


28,547 


8,838 



153 

774 

1,741 

650 

41,414 

68 

16 

7 

525 



South America: 

Argentina 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Chile 

Colombia 

Ecuador 

Guiana- 
British 

Dutch 

French 

Peru 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

Asia: 

China 

Chosen 

East Indies — 

British- 
British India 

Straits Settle- 
ments 

Dutch 

Frencli 

Hongkong 

Japan 

Russia in Asia 

Siam 

Oceania: 
Britisli — 

Australia 

New Zealand 

Other British 

French 

German 

Philippine Islands . . 
Africa: 
British Africa^ 

We.st 

South 

Egypt 

Portuguese Africa 

Total 



S49,062 
1,440 
60,011 
10,512 
2,192 
3, 690 

7, 70S 
1,9.51 
2,720 
13, 320 
15, 692 
1,333 

289 
48 



36 
13,046 

565 



6, 795 

1,914 

132 

250 

205 

8, 383 



34 

884 



$64,848 

1,652 

91,417 

10,521 

2,677 

4,786 

S, 981 
5,737 
869 
15, 3.39 
13, 764 
3,025 

544 
117 



520 
6 



19,831 
1,766 



6, 552 
1,464 

401 
1,784 

357 
4,131 



1,546 
226 
277 



467,835 



$18, 480 
1, 0.55 
43, .596 
12, .507 
3,177 
4, 793 

8, 425 
5, 689 
503 
6,622 
17,319 
3,414 

1,515 
30 



38 
151 



6,225 
775 
32 



3,896 
23 

545 
1,0,83 

295 
1, 7.59 



1,791 



47 



323,428 



ALL OTHER FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS. 



Europe: 
Austria-Hungary. 

Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 



12,178 

21,226 

559 



$8,070 
3,847 
2,992 



$150 

66 

2,070 

3, 233 

3, 896 
850 



l,9.so 



Europe — Continued. 

Spain 

United Kingdom- 
England 

Scotland 

North America: 

Bermuda 

British Honduras. . 
Canada 



$1,389 



5.55 

(i86 

3.5,601 



$3, 829 



924 
371 

42, 464 



$440 

2, 5.53 
12 

667 

1,0,55 

61,624 



16 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



ALL OTHER FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS— Continued. 



Countries of destina- 
tion. 


1910 


1913 


1914 


Countries of destina- 
tion. 


1910 


1913 


1914 


North Aracriea — Coufd. 


.¥1,296 
1,708 

059 
2,296 
3, 359 

305 
4,278 


$212 

1,573 

306 

847 

4,131 

223 

4,097 


$34 
605 
575 
441 

1,413 
232 

1,144 

24,0.50 

233 

645 

268 

1,010 

1,392 

360 

394 

687 

1,225 


South America — Coiitd. 
Peru 


$1,013 
839 
174 

&S3 
17 


$361 
1,235 

1,845 

490 


$.543 

287 


States — 








2,069 




Asia: 
Ciiina 






677 




Chosen 






East Indies-^ 
British— British In- 
dia 


120 

70 

3, 448 

281 

234 
10 
3 
248 
189 
393 












Miquelon, Langley, 




10 
42, 856 

786 

491 




Hongkong 


2, 025 






2 

1 300 

34 

[ 5(i0 

134 

40 

2, 1.53 

8,720 

985 


Japan 


239 




Oceania: 
British- 
Australia 




West Indies — 
British— 


i 240 

2,090 

305 

11 

2, .575 
2, KV2 

10 

8S0 

9 

494 




Barliados 


New Zealand 


30 




Other BritLsh 

Frencli 


21 

.500 

121 

1,612 




Trill, and Tobago 
Other British 


264 




16 


Cuba 


I'hilippine Islands . . . 
Africa: 
British Africa- 
West 


107 






Dutch 




Haiti 


15 




South 




50 


23 




East 




10 










93 




4,021 


58 






124 




Chile 


Frencli Africa 


10 

28 
50 




Colombia 


231 
00 

2,80 
2, 0S4 


57 
94 

""2,' .587 


German A f rica 

Portuguese Africa 

Total 












Guiana- 
British 


550 
123 
4(i 






140, .5.59 


103,284 


122, 504 


Dutch 



















UNITED KINGDOM. 

As a source of the nation's food supply the fisheries of Great 
Britain are second only in importance to agriculture. The British 
Isles are in the midst of fishing grounds of exceptional ricluiess, and 
large numbers of the people are attracted to this means of earning a 
livelihood. Statistics show that some 25,000 boats are engaged in 
British fisheries and employ crews of over 100,000 men and ])oys. A 
corresponding number of persons are engaged on shore in cleaning, 
curing, packmg, and selling the fish. 

The following table shows provisional figures for the quantity (in 
hundredweights of 112 pounds) and value of the fish landed on the 
English and Welsh, Scotch, and Irish coasts during the years 1913 
and 1914: 





1913 


1914 


Kerns. 


Hundred- 
weight. 


Value. 


Hundred- 
weight. 


Value. 


England and Wales: 

I'Msh, excludint; sliellfish 

Shellfish .' 


10,1.52,374 


$48,710,385 
1,593,112 


10,124,948 


$38. 1.83, 192 
1 406,000 










Total 




SO,. 303, 497 




39. fi 89, 192 










Scotland: 

Fish, excluding shellfish 


7,2.59,883 


18,119,717 
350,218 


0,897,699 


14,459,423 


Shellfish 


310,449 










Total 




18,469,935 




14, 77-!;, 872 










Ireland: 

Fish, ex-clndim,' shellfish 

Shellfish 


036.807 


1,367.219 
140,262 


549,597 


1,092,038 
95,077 










Total 




1,507,481 




1,187,115 










Grand total 




70,280,913 




55,552,179 











EUEOPEA]Sr MARKETS FOR FISH. 17 

If the catch for 1913 is taken at 24,000,000 hundredweight of 112 
pounds, vakied at 868,000,000, the imports at 3,600,000 hundred- 
weight, vakied at $23,000,000, and the exports at 11,000,000 hun- 
dredweight, valued at $36,000,000, the total consumption for the 
year may be placed at 16,600,000 hundredweight, valued at $55,- 
000,000. The per capita consumption for the United Kingdom 
works out at about 41 pounds a year, using the 1913 statistics as a 
basis, and omitting the shellfish entirely. This figure will illustrate 
the tremendous importance of sea food in the British Isles. 

Of the fisli taken at the English and Welsh fisheries, the catch of 
herrings is the most important, the total in 1913 being 7,313,425 
hundredweight. In 1914 there was a remarkable falling off in the 
catch of this fish, the final figure being only 2,016,899 hundred- 
weight. Following the herrings in 1913 came the cod with 2,646,666 
hundredweight, the haddock with 1,553,869 hundredweight, and the 
plaice with 699,298 hundredweight. Other important catches were 
hake, whiting, coalfish, skates and rays, and mackerel. The oidy 
catch seriously afl'ected by the war in 1914 seems to have been 
herrings. The catch of sea fish in the Scotch fisheries in 1913 totaled 
7,259,883 hundredweight, the poorest since 1909, although record 
prices were received. The herring catch was the most important 
and amounted to 4,449,323 hundredv/eight. Ninety-five per cent of 
the Scotch herrings are preserved in some manner. Oi the Irish 
catch of 636,807 hundredweight, over 470,000 hundredweight were 
herrings and some 290,000 hundredweight mackerel. 

FOREIGN TRADE IN FISH. 

Great Britain's expt^rts of herrings are very important and Ger- 
many has been the most important customer. In 1913 the exports 
of fresh herrings amounted to 1,166,598 hundredweight, of which 
Germany took no less than 1,111,548 hundredweight. For the same 
year the exports of herrings preserved by curing, salting, etc., totaled 
8,795,232 hundredweight, ot which 3,996,892 hundrexl weight went 
to Germany, 3,566,155 to Russia, and 398,810 to the United States. 
Preserved pilchards were exported to the extent of 37,101 hundred- 
weight, Italy taking 32,850 hundredweight. The exports of pre- 
served cod amounted to 441,983 hundredweight, Spain being the 
principal purchaser with a total of 183,296 hundredweight. Other 
important buyers of this product were Cuba, Brazil, Italy, and 
Portugal, in the order named. The United States is the principal 
purchaser of preserved mackerel, taking 88,913 hundredweight out 
of a total export of 98,370 hundredweight. 

The imports of fish into the United Kingdom, while not so impor- 
tant as the exports, amount to nearly $25,000,000 a year. The 
table following shows in detail the exports of the various fish by 
countries of destination (hundredweight = 1 12 pounds; £ = $4.8665). 
88193°— 15— 3 



18 



EUROPEAN MARKETS EOR FISH, 



Articles, and countries of 
orisriu. 



Fresh fish (not of British tak- 
ing): 
Herrtnss^ 

Sweden 

Norway 

Other foreign countries. . 
British possessions 



Ilundred- 

weight. 



Total. 



Unenumerated— 

Russia 

Norway 

Denmark (including Fa- 
roe) 

Germany 

Netherlands 

Belgium 

P"ranee 

United States 

Other foreign countries. . 

British posse-ssions — 

Canada 

Deep-sea fisheries 

Other British jjosses- 
sions 



Total. 



Shellfish: 
Oysters for food — 

"Netherlands 

llnited States 

Other foreign countries. . 
British possessions 



107,606 

1,054, .541 

925 

73,356 



1,236,428 



Total. 



Oysters for Ijreeding pur- 
poses- 
France 

United States 

Other foreign countries. . 



Total. 



Unenumerated — 
Norway 

Netherlands 

Other foreign coimtries. 

British possessions- 
British West Indies.. 
Other British 



Total 

Cured or salted fish: 
Caimed sardines — 

Norway 

Germany 

Belgium 

France 

Portugal 

Spain 

Other foreign c:)untries. 
British possessions 



Total. 



3,779 
34,799 

94,s,sl 

59 

3S,942 

X,902 

2, 433 

150 

10,432 

6,710 
666,334 



Value. 



11,032 

56, 42S 

2,29S 



$£29, 780 

250, 228 

394 

58,300 



5,290 
133, 472 

2, S72 

779 
814 



127,036 

892 

403 

20, 109 

133,249 

11,149 

672 

1,710 



295,220 



336, 702 



10,581 
60,249 

191,274 
168 
74,596 
19,222 
10, 870 
50 
6,082 

24,634 
267,312 



665,299 



46, S96 

3S,957 

2,619 

14 



88,4>;6 



4,254 
1,413 



5, 702 



10, 797 

50,635 

9,398 

4,022 
3,832 



415,376 

2,927 

937 

93,841 

363, 884 

28, 797 

1,771 

4,591 



912,124 



Articles, and countries of 
origin. 



Cured or salted fish— Contd. 
Canned salmon- 
Russia 

Japan .• 

United States , 

Other foreign countries . . 
British possessions — 

Canada 

Newfo u n d 1 a n d and 

Labrador 

Other British 



Hundred- 
weight. 



Total. 



Canned lobsters — 
France 

United Slates 

Other foreign countries . . . 
British possessions — 

Canada 

Newfo u n d 1 a n d and 
Labrador 

Other British 



Total. 



Caimed, unenumerated — 

Norway 

Germany , 

France 

Spain 

Italy , 

Japan { Including Taiwan 
and leased Chinese ter- 
ritory) 

United States 

Other foreitrn countries . . 
British jiosses'^ions — 

Cape of Good Hope 

Other British 



Total. 



Not canned, all sorts- 
Norway 

Denmark (including Fa- 
roe) 

Iceland and Greenland. . . 

Germany 

Netherlands 

France 

Italy 

United States 

Other foreign countries . . 

British possessions — 

Canada 

N e w fo u n d 1 a n d and 

I>abrador 

Other British 



Total. 



Total value of fish imported: 
From foreign countries . . . . 
From British possessions. . 



Total. 



27,142 

28, 925 

265,817 

2,798 

275,362 

298 
218 



12 
545 
169 

33, 139 

1,:361 

4 



33,156 

384 

3,331 

2, 201 

2,539 



2,546 
2,963 
3, l;'8 

17,627 
2,349 



70, 234 



165,617 

2,S, 195 
100, 755 
1,540 
2,574 
1,243 
6,258 
3,400 

16, 709 

13,081 

31,208 
175 



S74,561 

81,289 

098,018 

9,739 

900, 068 

575 

687 



1,764,937 



106 
5,372 
1,230 

308,951 

15, 707 
45 



76,504 
1,884 

14,589 
4,147 
6,891 



15,643 
9,530 
7,041 

66, 292 
10,713 



213,2:34 



243,509 

34,553 

108,223 
2,663 
2, 445 
3,815 

22, 239 
8, 875 

10,399 

15,853 

36, 270 
1,504 



490,348 



3,169.296 
1,717,631 



4,886,927 



DEMAND FOR CANNED SALMON. 

(From Vice Consul Arthur V. Blackmore, Birmingham, England.) 

Originally Columbia River salmon had the largest sale in this 
country, but the color was too pale for the trade and the consumer 
was encouraged to take red fish; consequently Alaska and Fraser 
River fish have become more popular. Sockeye and Chinook are 
now the favorite salmon. Owing, however, to the high prices asked 
for these fish, pale-pink salmon are again being introduced, and 
there is a growling demand for an article that can be sold for 1 1 to 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



19 



12 cents per pound tin. There seems to be an opinion in some 
quarters that not all the goods sold as salmon are rcallj salmon. 

The bulk of the imported salmon comes by water from Pacific 
coast ports. The goods are sold by the importer to the wholesaler, 
who in turn sells to the retailer. The consumers are found princi- 
pally among the working classes. There is a very large market for 
good red fish, and the demand is steadily increasing. 

GERMANY. 

During the last few years the fishing industry of Germany has been 
placed on a sounder commercial basis than had formerly existed. 
This improvement has resulted chiefly from the increased use of 
steam fisliing vessels and from the cooperation and encouragement 
offered by the German Government and the German Sea Fishery 
Association. 

State aid to the fishing industry takes many forms, such as pecu- 
niary assistance and subventions and reduced rates for inland rail 
transportation of fresh fish. The Government has also devoted large 
sums to building fish harbors at Geestemunde, Emden, Cuxhaven, 
Altona, and other ports. Geestemunde is the principal fishing port 
and market in Germany. 

Of late years there has been an exceptional demand in Germany 
for all kmds of sea fish, and this has greatly increased prices. In 
many of the interior cities sea fish, and the best methods of cooldng 
them, were practically unknown until recently, when the Govern- 
ment and the Sea Fishery Association undertook a campaign to ex- 
tend the consumption. The latter organization started a series of 
cookery lessons in Berhn and other large cities, using moving pic- 
tures to show the methods of fishing and the varieties of fish and to 
aid in explaining their food value. As a consequence the taste for 
fish spread amazingly and the various trawling concerns entered upon 
an era that seemed likely to be permanent. 

German vessels by no means lurnish the entire supply of sea fish 
for this country. Denmark each year exports some 300,000 hun- 
dredweight of fish to Germany and is one of the chief purveyors to the 
Berlin market. A considerable number of English ships land con- 
signments of fish at Geestemunde. The catch of herrings each year, 
in spite of the shipments continually coming into the country, seems 
to be insufficient to meet the demand. 

The German catch in the North Sea for 1912 and 1913 is shown in 
the following table in kilos of 2.2046 pounds and marks of 23.8 cents: 



Fish. 



Marks 



Kilos. 



Marks. 



Herrings 

Cod 

Codfish and pollack, 

Flatfish 

Shellfish 

Plaice 

Turbot 

Whitinf; 

All other 

Total 



1,562,400 
31,412,700 

6,696,000 

2,078,500 
26,668,300 

3,334,900 
332,700 

4,761,000 
10,297,500 



306,500 
5,541,000 

977, 700 
1,158,400 
7,282,100 
1,374,500 

571,700 

787,200 
3,242,600 



87, 144, 000 



21,241,700 



3,964,800 
29, 870, 700 

9,670,800 

1,837,900 
22,022,700 

3,612,900 
449,100 

5,176,300 
10,708,400 



87,313,600 



822,100 
5, 782, 100 
1,325,200 
1,072,800 
6,337,000 
1,374,500 
732,200 
988, 400 
3,422,900 



21,857,200 



20 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



The German fisheries in the Baltic yield about half the total that 
is taken in the North Sea, the principal varieties caught being eels, 
flounders, perch, herrings, sprats, and bleak fish, in the order named. 
There are also important river and lake fisheries, the Rhine salmon 
being one of the best known products. 



IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 



The imports of fish and fish products necessary to supply the de- 
mand in Germany are important, as is shown by the accompanying 
table in kilos of 2.2046 pounds and marks of 23.8 cents: 



Articles and oountries of 
origin. 



Tresh fish: 
Carp — 

France 

Netherlands 

Austria-nimgarj' 

Russia ." 

t^woden 

OiluT countries 

Total 

Kels, tench, etc. — 

Denmark 

France 

United Kingdom 

Italy r 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Austria-IIimgary 

Russia 

."Sweden 

Switzerland 

Egypt 

United States 

Other countries 

Total 

Herrings and sprats— 

Belgitmi 

Denmark 

United Kingdom 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Sweden 

other coimtries 

Total 

Haddock, plaice, sole, 
etc.— 

Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

United Kingdom 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Russia. 

Sweden 

other coimtries 

Total 

Preserved fish: 
Herrings not cut open, 
herring milt, and 
herring pickle — 

Denmark 

United Iviugdom 



270, rw 
2S, .500 
1,036,000 
39, 800 
41,800 
39, 100 



1,45.5,700 



1,262,500 

28,200 

107,400 

.57,800 

1,799,300 

24(1,000 

4Sii, 200 

2,034,800 

299, 700 

108, 200 

83, 700 

971,900 

fi4,400 

, .5.50, 100 



797, 700 
14,4N(i,100 
42, 470, .500 
l,2l'.2,800 
30, 19.5, .500 
43,931,100 
10, r,oo 



133,154,300 



1,296,500 

16,. 566, 100 

175,000 

4,082,800 

81,400 

13,027,800 

3,937,100 

72, 100 

1,495,, 500 

7S,00() 



40,812,300 



a 2,113 
n 633,871 



284,000 
31,000 
1,295,000 
40,000 
50,000 
46,000 



1,746,000 



2,320,000 

25, 000 

419,000 

81,000 

2,782,000 

520, 000 

700, 000 

2, 525, 000 

362, 000 

163,000 

84,000 

1,283,000 

73,000 

11,337,000 



104,000 
2,897,000 
9,344,000 

164,000 

4,227,000 

6, 590, 000 

1,000 



23,327,000 



1,400,000 
8,449,000 

445, 000 
3,838,000 

118,000 

5,863,000 

1,. 575, 000 

54,000 

942, 000 
80, 000 



22,704,000 



55, 000 
,3.55,000 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 



Preserved fish — Contd. 
Herrmgs not cut open, 
herring milt, and 
herring pickle — Con . 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Sweden 

other coimtries 



Total. 



Herrings other w i s e 
packed — 

Netherlands 

Other countries 



Total. 



Salmon, simply pre- 
pared and salted — 

Denmark 

Russia 

United States 

Other countries 



Total. 



Sardines, simply pre- 
pared- 
France 

Netherlands 

Other countries 



Total. 



Cod and other stock- 
fish- 
Denmark 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Other countries 



Total. 



Eels, herrings, sprats, 
simply prepared: 
fish paste: fish sau- 
sage: roe; and high- 
grade fish prepara- 
tions- 
Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Other coimtries 



0400,038 

a 160, 729 

6,045 

a 2, 157 



1,204,9.53 



Marks. 



11,001,000 

4,340,000 

121,000 

66,000 



43,938,000 



215, 600 
201,700 



417,300 



233, 700 

42,500 

4,295,900 

36,000 



4,608,100 



112,600 

,2i3,^00 

110,000 



3, 466, 400 



ISO, 900 
86,600 

897, 300 
16, 500 



1,181,300 



Total. 



142,900 
1,641,100 
(i3,00ll 
192, 800 
1,416,500 
787, 700 
76, 400 



4,:i20,400 



97,000 
86,000 



183,000 



386,000 

70,000 

,088,000 

59,000 



7,603,000 



79,000 

2,919,000 

77, 000 

3,075,000 



101,000 
48,000 

502,000 
11,000 



662,000 



50.000 
457,000 

32,000 

293, (KX) 

1,133,000 

526,000 

40,000 



2,5.31,000 



a Barrels. 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH, 



21 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 


Kilos. 


Marks. 


Articles and countries of 
origin. 


Kilos. 


Marks. 


Preserved fish — Contd. 
Caviar and substi- 
tutes- 
Russia 


373, 300 
1,700 


9,333,000 

18,000 


Shellfish and crusta- 
ceans-Continued. 
Crawfish, fresh-water 
crabs, and jirepared 
crab meat— 

Austria-Hungary 

Russia 


152,000 

039,200 

6,100 




Other countries , . . 


236,000 
991 000 


Total 


375,000 


9,351,000 




Other countries 

Total 


9,000 


Shellfish and crustaceans: 
Oysters — 


120,300 
56,600 

866,500 
29,800 


253,000 

113,000 

823,000 

15,000 


797,300 


1,236,000 




Lobster, fresh and 
camied— 
Denmark 




United Kingdom 

Netherlands 


272, 100 
100,200 
24,200 
208,200 
584,400 
35,700 
32, 700 




Other countries 


1,279 000 






471,000 
92 000 


Total 


1,073,200 


1,204,000 


United Kingdom 




1,261^000 

2,070,000 

128,000 

140,000 


Mussels- 
Netherlands 


1,924,500 
238,300 


231,000 
29,000 


British N. America. . . 

United States 

Other countries 

Total 


Other countries 


Total 


2,162,800 


260,000 


1,317,50*0 


5 441 000 









As might be expected, German fish exports are not of very great 
importance, although there are good markets for fresh sweet-water 
fish in Russia and for fresh herrings in Austria-Hungary. The total 
exports of fresh fish of all kinds in 1912 were 17,456,700 kilos, of which 
a little more than half was made up of herrings. There is a steady 
demand in some countries for certain fish and fish products prepared 
in the German manner, but on the whole the exports of prepared 
fish are not of great importance comparatively. 



POPULARITY OF SALTED HERRINGS. 

The German trade demands three classes of salted herrings, each of 
which has its season. During May and June there is an extensive 
sale in the North Sea coast region, as well as in the Netherlands, of 
Matjes herrings — that is to say, drawn fish lightly salted and of the first 
equality. It is not considered possible to import herrings of this class 
from remote fishing countries. Matjes herrings of the first c|uality 
come in barrels containing 125 pieces, of a gross weight of 330 pounds, 
and they command as much as $30 per barrel. A second quality 
comes in barrels containing from 800 to 850 pieces, worth about 
$9.50 per barrel. These fish are sold in all first-class shops and are a 
much esteemed table delicacy during a few months of the year. 
Toward the end of June and throughout July full herrings enter the 
market. These are hard salted and are worth $7.15 to $9.50 per 
barrel. In August and September stiU another grade of hard salted 
full herrings arrives, wortli $ 1 1 .50 per barrel. The full salted herrings 
are consumed without cooking in the industrial centers of interior 
Germany by the poorer classes, who eat the entire fish except the 
bones. 

As the herring shoals frequent the British coast within the 3-mile 
limit, the trade is dominated by the Scotch packers, who fuid in this 
country one of their best markets, Hamburg being the center. 



22 EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 

THE MARKET FOR SALMON. 

[Consul (^icneral Robert P. Skinner, Hamburg.] 

The consumption of both fresh and smoked sahnon is very great 
in Germany. Sahnon were once plentiful and cheap, but at present 
the river traffic is so heavy that there are no longer any packs and 
only a few of the fish are caught in local waters. Nevertheless the 
demand for salmon remains, although the trade in the canned article 
is comparatively small and unimportant. 

Before the present high duty of 60 marks per 100 kilos ($6.48 per 
100 pounds) was placed on canned salmon, one firm alone imported 
as many as 30,000 tins a year. The domestic trade is now limited 
to north Germany. Although the German demand for canned 
salmon is not great, the im}>ortation at Haml)urg is very laro;e, as 
purchases are made for reexportation to German colonies in Africa 
and to other tropical and foreign countries generally. Perhaps 
this trade could be increased, particularly if exporters visited Ham- 
burg personally and concluded arrangements with capal)le agents. 

For the German domestic trade only red salmon in tall, flat, and 
oval tins is imported. For export the cheap pale and pink grades 
are required. Shipments are made directly to Hamburg from 
Pacific ports, Seattle and Vancouver furnishing the principal stocks 
in perhaps equal proportions. Lately considerable cpiantities are 
coming from Kamcliatka. There is no complaint on the part of 
importers in regard to packing methods, nor does the article come 
into conflict with the food laws. 

The greatest salmon trade of Germany falls under the head of 
frozen fish. These fish are usually smoked in this country and are 
seen for sale in every fish and provision shop in the Empire. It is 
doubtful if an equally general demand for smoked salmon can be 
found in any other part of the world, unless perhaps in Russia and 
vScandinavia. The latter, however, are producing countries. No 
duty is imposed upon fresh salmon imported into Germany. Fresh 
salmon are packed in cases of 200 German pounds (100 kilos, or 220 
pounds), each fish being wrapped in parchment paper and all packed 
closely together. Cases are shipped in refrigerator ships, no ice 
coming into direct contact with the fish itself. These chilled fish 
are sold at auction in the Hamburg market and command from 
9 2 to 21 cents per pound, according to grade. The best grade, known 
as the "steelhead," commands from 19 to 21 cents per pound. 

Salmon intended to l)e smoked in Germany come packed in brine 
of not more than 12 to 14 per cent of salt. When the fish are packed 
in brine of more than 16 per cent salt they can not be smoked, as 
the salt can not be extracted and the fish tears and crumbles on 
being sliced. Fish shipped in this manner are dutiable at the rate 
of 71 cents per 100 kilos (220 pounds). 

Smoked salmon in tubs of 200 to 300 poimds is also dutiable at 
the rate of 71 cents per 100 kilos. Importations of this class of 
fish are linnted, and the cpiantity is not even mentioned separately 
in German statistics. vSomo cities in southern Germany consume 
from 30,000 to 40,000 pounds of smoked salmon monthly. The 
most highly esteemed fish is taken from the Rhine, l)ut tiie probabili- 
ties are that the ordinary ]')urchaser seldom concerns himself wdth 
the c^uestion of origin and takes what his fish dealer has to offer. It 



EUEOPEAN MARKETS FOE FISH. 



23 



is the custom of the trade to contract for dchvcries of chilled salmon 
at stated periods of so many hmidred pounds per month. In 1910 
a vessel arrived from Alaska with 3,000 tons on board, but the con- 
signment was commercially a failure because it overstocked the 
market, and the surplus was disposed of at a loss in Germany, Bel- 
gium, Antwerp, and London. 

FRANCE. 

The French fisheries are a very important asset of the country, the 
total catch for 1910, the last year for which statistics are available, 
being valued at $27,075,625, an increase of about $800,000 over the 
previous year. Nearly 150,000 men are employed in the industry. 

The catch of cod by French boats at the Newfoundland fisheries is 
perhaps the most valuable single item in the fist of French fishery 
products, being valued at more than $5,500,000 in 1910. Sardines, 
mackerel, tunny, and herrings are the other more valuable food fishes 
taken by the French fishermen. 

The sardine industry has been much disturbed for the last few 
years, and as a result of small catches, troubles between the fishermen 
an^i packers, and the competition from Norwegian and Spanisli 
packers the outlook can not be said to be very bright. Canned sar- 
dines are consmned in great quantities by the French and are also 
largely exported, as the excellent quality of the French product is 
known in all countries. 



EXPORTS AND IMPORTS. 

The exports of all fish except shellfish and crustaceans in 1912 were 
valued at $5,717,000, the most important items being dried, salted, 
and smoked cod, $2,165,000, and sardines, preserved, marinated, or 
otherwise prepared, $1,649,000. Italy is the principal purchaser of 
cod, while the United States, Great Britain, and Germany take the 
largest c^uantitics of sarcUnes, although Denmark, Belgium, and Russia 
follow rather closely in this respect. 

The imports by countries in 1912 are shown in the ta})l<^ that 
follows (franc =19.3 cents; metric quintal = 220.46 pounds): 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 


Metric, 
quintals. 


Francs. 


Articles and countries of 
origin. 


Metric 
quintals. 


Francs. 


Fresh fish from fresh water: 
Salmon family — 


6,471 
1,030 
7,229 
600 
337 
160 
150 




Fresh fish from salt water: 
United Kingflom 


14,919 
2, .591 
4,374 
8,889 
230 
4,977 
57 




United Kingdom 


Netherlands 




Germany 








Netherlands 




Spain 




Switzerland 




other foreign eoimtries 




Canada 






Other foreign countries. . 




Tunis 
















36,037 




Total 


15,977 


5,272,410 


Dried, sailed, and smoked 
fish: 
Codfish, including clip- 
fish— 






486 
21 

198 
67 

107 
428, 250 




other- 
Germany 


4,057 

9,104 
280 
9SS 
196 

1,305 
179 

1,149 






Netherlands 






Belgium 






Switzerland 




United Ivingdom 




Spain 






Italy 




Other foreign countries. . 




other foreign countries. . 




Free zone 




St. Pierre fisheries 

Total 










Total 


17, 258 


1,380,640 


429, 129 


34 321 760 









24 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



Articles aud countries of 
oritjin. 



Dried, salted, and smoked 
fish — Continued. 
Stockfish- 
Norway 

Vm\ ed Kingdom 

Netherlands 

Other foreign coimtries. 

Total 

Herrings — 
Norway 

United Kingdom 

Belgium 

(.)ther foreign countries. 
St. Pierre fisheries 

Total 

AH other — 
' United ICingdom 

Germany 

Belgium 

Portugal 

Spain 

Other foreign coimtries. 

Algeria 

St. Pierre fisheries 

Totd 

Fish, preserved, marmated, 
or otherwise prepared: 
Sardines — 

United Kingdom 

Portugal 

Spain 

Morocco 

Other foreign coimtries. 
Algeria 

Total 

Other- 
Norway 

United" Kingdom 

Germany 

Ne( herlands 

Portugal 

Sjiain 

Italy 

.lapiin 

Canada 

( Mhcr foreign countries. 
Preiich possessions 

Total 



Metric 
quintals. 



2,076 
524 

1,173 
129 



4,502 



3,713 
1,225 

12,744 
sdi; 

231 



18,719 



1,745 

2(il 

29S 

3,359 

17,3(i2 

212 

10, llW 

9, 701 



43,044 



41 

30,215 

57, S04 

000 

OlS 

10,003 



105,401 



3,209 

2,S11 

S14 

S24 

772 

915 

1,137 

3,025 

2, 440 

572 

000 



Francs. 



3,22S,3(10 



13,709,930 



17,239 3,620,190 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 



Oysters: 
Fresh seed — 
United Kingdom. 
Netherlands 



Total. 



Other fresh — 

United Kingdom 

Netherlands 

Belgium 

Other foreign coimtries. . 

Total 



Preserved — 
Foreigia coiuitrie.. 

Lobsters: 
Fresh- 
United Kingdom. 

Netherlands 

Belgium 

Portugal 

Spain 

Italy 

Other comi tries... 
Tunis 



Total. 



I'reserved — 
United Kuigdoin. 
Japan 



Canada 

Other foreign counti'ies. 

Total 



Shellfish other than oysters: 

linited Kuigdom .'. 

Netherlands 

Belgium 

O ther foreign countries 

St. Pierre fisheries 



Total 

Hard roe, cod and mackerel: 

Norway 

United Kingdom 

Germany 

Belgium' 

United States 

Other foreign countries 

St. Pierre fisheries 

Total 



(irand total. 



Metric 
quintals. 



595 
55 



650 



Number. 
.'9,240,0(X) 
5,507,000 
2,411,000 
17,000 



37,235,000 



Metric 
tons. 
11 



1,676 
4,220 
9, 456 
1,016 
1,912 
3,217 
1 



7, 3,S4 

747 

15, 628 

174 



23,933 



512 

101,403 

34,998 

473 

278 



137,064 



3S,:546 
4, i:j8 
6,263 
1,262 
1 , 0(J0 
059 
6,830 



58,858 



Francs. 



2,200 



5,811,210 



1,101,312 



1,294,876 



81,102,648 



RUSSIA. 

Althoiip;h Russia is one. of the greatest sea-food producing countries 
in the world, its supply falls short of meeting the rec|uirements of the 
population. The anniial imports of fish to meet the deficiency of the 
home fisheries range in value between $15,000,000 and $20,000,000. 
The domestic production of late years has exceeded 1,500,000 pounds 
in weight and $50,000,000 in value, while the exports of fish and 
caviar are valued at something more than $3,000,000. The per 
capita consumption works out at about 12 pounds a year. 

The table that ft^Uows will give an idea of the location of the Rus- 
sian fisheries, although the figures are for 1911 and the production 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



25 



has increased considerably since that year. Later statistics are not 
available for all the districts. (Pood = 36.1128 pounds; ruble = 51.5 
cents.) 



Regions. 



Casp ian 

Upper Volga 

Black Sea 

Baltic Sea 

Lakes region 

Mourman — White Sea 

Total European Russia 

Ob Basin 

Lower Yenisei 

Baikal 

Yakutsk Oblast 

Far Eastern region 

Turkestan 

Total Asiatic Russia 

Grand total 



Quantity. 



Poods. 
23,167,000 
2,916,000 
4, 182, 000 
2, 697, 000 
1, 809, 000 
900, 000 



35,671,000 



7.53, 000 
162, 000 
280, 000 
57, 000 
4,500,000 
2,500,000 



8,252,000 



43,923,000 



Value. 



Rubles. 
66, 367, 000 
2, 280, 000 
6, 262, 000 
5,394,000 
2, 928, 000 
2, 000, 000 



85,231,000 



2, 379, 000 

486, 000 

788, 000 

71,000 

4,200,000 

4,000,000 



11,924,000 



97, 155, 000 



Persons 



172,000 
II), 000 
35, 000 
21,000 
11,000 
14,000 



263,000 



4,300 

900 

2, .500 

500 

n 8, 000 

17,000 



33, 200 



296,-200 



a This figure is for Russian subjects, in addition to which there were about 10,000 Japanese. 

The distribution of the various fish is as follows: Sturgeon and 
carp m the Caspian, Aral, and Black Seas; salmon hi nortliern parts 
of European and Asiatic Russia, in lakes Ladoga, Onega, and Baikal 
in the Far East, and m the Black and Caspian Seas; herrings in the 
Black and Caspian Seas; cod, flounders, and some herrmgs in the 
Baltic and White Seas and Arctic Ocean; mackerel, mullet, sard els, 
anchovies, barbel, and chub in the Black wSea. Oysters are confined 
exclusively to the Black Sea, and sea cole and trepang to the waters 
of the Far East. 

STATISTICS OF FOREIGN TRADE. 



The exports of fish and fish products from European Russia in 1913 
were valued at $3,781,000, as compared with $3,123,000 for the year 
previous. Of the total, caviar made up more than half, being valued 
at $2,171,000. The value of fishery products exported to the United 
States was divided as follows: Bladders, $9,262; caviar, $125,447; 
dried and salted fish, $23,684 ; herrings, $6,383. The principal market 
for the salmon and other fish taken at the fisheries of eastern Siberia 
is European Russia, but important exports are also made to Japan. 
Comparatively small quantities are sold to China and Chosen (Korea), 
and of course much of the salmon and salmon caviar that find their 
way to the markets in Germany and other European countries is 
shipped by way of European Russia. 

Russia imports important c|uantities of fish, as is shown by the 
table following for 1912, in which the imports arc shown by articles 
and countries of origin, in poods of 36.1128 pomids and rubles of 51.5 
cents. 



26 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



Countries of origin. 


Kresh fisli. 


Sardines in oil. 


Fish, pickled, pre- 
served in oil, or 
stuffed. 


Salted or smoked 
fisli, except her- 
ring. 




Quantity. 


Value. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Austria-Hungary 


Poods. 
12,030 


Rubles. 
32,718 


Poods. 

1,244 

1,525 

7,142 

02, 770 

10,270 

5 

1,850 

1,913 

3,554 

6 

558 


Rubles. 

14,899 

27,728 

05,358 

827,905 

101,479 

43 

15,520 

20, 700 

33,222 

51 

8,107 


Poods. 
353 
284 
445 

6,513 
814 


Rubles. 

4,807 
2,556 
7,108 
129,966 
14,901 
10 
6,300 


Poods. 

67 


Rubles. 
202 


United Kingdom. . . . 
Germany 


1,993 

353,019 

348 


9,4(a 

1,330,735 

1,550 


163 

8,223 

120 

2S 
92 


490 

24,678 

360 




82 




8,017 


10,900 


354 


276 






Italy 


1 

250,133 

271,805 
114,405 


10 
602, 740 
444,711 
272, 994 






1,975 


90 

61 

20, 405 


149 

1,354 

987 

469, 565 


447 




3,104 




3,489 


Persia 


1,046,801 


7,705 


82,028 

19 

800 

138,137 

890,010 

2 

8,710 


3 


40 
9 






44,282 

1,127 

07,231 


237,383 

9, 750 

80, 471 

8 


53 

1,108 
220 


107 


United States 


91 
15,091 

80, 088 




6 


05 
2,704 


834 
33,082 

31 
10,390 

66 


3,304 




678 






1 


Sweden 


1!.7()3 
1,917 

o770 
300,043 


24,431 
4,818 

13,790 
1,400,907 


507 


423 
9 


32 
20 


96 

82 


Other foreign coun- 
tries 


b76 


(' 750 
11 




54,704 


339,337 


202,680 


287,215 








Total 


1,509,756 


4,533,384 


195, 007 


2,236,271 


68,658 


570,113 


684, 881 


1,371,538 







Count rii's of origin. 



Austria-Hungary ... 

Belgium 

United Kingdom 

Germany 

Netherlands 

Greece 

Denmark 

Spain 

Italy 

China 

Norway 

Persia." 

Roumania 

United States 

Turkey 

France 

Sweden 

Japan 

Other foreign coiui- 

tries 

Finland 



Herrings, salted or 
smoked. 



Quantity. Value, 



Total 18,766,200 



Poods. 

32,83.S 

4,386 

,169,157 

,554,160 

538, 182 

1 

42,910 

2,836 

6, 902 

123 

, 559, 054 

3 

27 

2,839 

5,707 

31,507 

,807,381 

201 

6 

7, 920 



Rubles. 

41 , 898 

5,045 

8,0(;5,540 

4, 474, 909 

661,660 

1 

53,294 

3,407 

8, 285 

174 

0,896,533 

5 

32 

3,548 

6,849 

42,521 

3,496,301 

353 

9 
9,812 



24,370,176 



Cod and all other 
kinds of fish, 
dried. 



Quantity. Value. 



Poods. 



3 
112 



14 
589 



6,234 

1,900 

6 



4 
1,644 



11,186 



Quantity. Value. 



Rubles. 



9 

424 



100 

805 



17,937 

3,2.50 

127 



15 
1,2S6 



6 
2,630 



Fish admitted free 
of duty. 



Poods. 

' 438, 802 



Rubles. 
'•607,913 



1,473,749 



lis, 980 



(-2 ,329,445 



d9,115 



:6,780 1,910,531 2,946,473 



Lobsters, periwin- 
kles, etc., fresh, 
salted, dried, or 
pickled. 



Quantity. Value. 



Poods. Rubles. 



1 

1,829 
11 
5 
3 



6 
3,343 



93 
119 



5,469 



35,419 

560 

00 

00 



76 
26,734 



303 

470 

3,100 

870 



08, 908 



n Includes 55 poods of fish, valued at 100 rubles, from Bulgaria. 

fc Includes 75 poods, valued at 740 rubles, from British India. 

c Fish of all kinds, imported in Russian vessels at ports of the Government of Archangel by inliabitants 
of that Govermnent. , 

d Fresh fish, imported during the winter, on sledges, at the Ismail customhouse, or at the customs toll 
house of Vilkovsk. 

In addition to the items shown in the foregoinc]^ table, there were 
imports of oysters amounting to 5,040 poods, vahied at 90,020 rubles, 
Germany bemg the principal source of supply. The imports of 
caviar were considerable, totaling 17,038 poods, valued at 560,513 
rubles. 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



27 



NETHERLAND S . 

The fishing industry is one of the most important in the Nether- 
lands and suppHes not only most of the home demand, but furnishes 
enough material for a considerable export. The exports for 1913 
amounted to about 418,000,000 pounds and the imports to some 
67,000,000 pounds. The total value of the imports is stated to bo 
$1,947,730, although this is an "official" valuation and may differ 
considerably from the real value. 

The quantities of fish imported into the Netherlands in 1913 are 
shown in the following table in Idlos of 2.2046 pounds: 



Countries of origin. 


Herrings, 

cured 

and 

salted. 


Herrings, 
smoked. 


Sea fish, 
fresh, 

all 
kinds. 


Cod, 
salted. 


Smoked, 
salted, 
or dried 

fish, 
n. e. s. 


Cod 

(stock 
fish), 
dried. 


River 
fish, in- 
cluding 
salmon 

and 
lamprey, 

fresh 
or not. 


An- 
chovies. 


Belgium 


Kilos. 
202, (iS9 


Kilos. 
20, 412 


Kilos. 
84,211 


Kilos. 
7,401 


Kilos. 
52, 139 


Kilos. 
S,4S1 


Kilos. 
20, 402 


Kilos. 

5S,(;S7 




12,013 


Germany: 


203, 595 
84,127 


03,038 


507, 701 




IS, 70S 
12,225 


1,9.50 
2,81S 


150.847 
00, 479 
57, 507 
37,000 
14,696 


12,007 






27, 742 


















1,200 

530,000 

000 


12, 730 
10,200 


88,030 

1,812,500 

1,704,425 

1,391 

119, 750 

993 

911 

344,239 








5,5.33,035 

125,515 

5,050 




5,432,549 


20, 075 






1,975 


























311,930 


















United States 










1,245 
13,558 


89,348 
139,208 


7,500 


United ICingdom 


9,402,322 


29,840 


2,554,005 


30, 025 




Total 


15,010,933 


113,890 


3,744,503 


73,010 


4,215,377 


5,400,007 


575, 547 


459, 135 







In addition to the imports given in the table, there were imports 
of 190,489 kilos of lobsters and oysters and 9,543 kilos of other 
shellfish. 

SPAIN. 

The fishing industry of vSpain is extensive, givmg employment to 
some 67,000 fishermen. The more important fish caught are sar- 
dines, tunny, cod, and anchovies. There are no fewer than 400 sar- 
dine canneries in the county and the exports of Spanish-canned 
sardines ranges in value from $3,500,000 to nearly $5,000,000 a year. 
France, Ai'gentina, Germany, and Italy are the most important cus- 
tomers, and annual shipments of over $100,000 are made to Cuba, 
Great Britain, the United States, and ChUe. 

In spite of the importance of the domestic fisheries, great quanti- 
ties of fish are imported, especially dried cod, which is imported 
chiefly from Norway, Newfoundland, Labrador, Iceland, France, 
Germany, and Scotland. Labrador cod is consumed only in the 
southeastern parts of Spain — from Seville to Valencia — as Barcelona, 
Madrid, and the more prosperous north prefer the more expensive 
Icelandic and Norwegian fish. Labrador cod is generally preferred 
in Malaga for winter consumption, because it is lightly sun cured and 
also because it is the cheapest. It is too lightly cured for summer 



28 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



use. It is not graded and the individual fish weigh li to 2 pounds. 
It is generally brought in bulk by sailing vessels, in full cargo lots of 
150 to 200 tons. It is also brought by steamer in 4-hundredweight 
and 5-hundredweight casks. 

Imports of fish by countries for 1912 are shown in the following 
table (kilo = 2. 204G pounds; peseta=lS.l cents): 



Articles and countries of 
of orii,'in. 



Cod and stockfish: 

Ceuta 

Germany 

Algeria." 

Argentina 

Denmark 

France 

United Kingdom 

Greece 

Italy 

Norway 

Portugal 

Danish possessions in 

Europe 

French iiossessions in 

America 

British possessions in 

America , 



Total 

Fish, fresh, or with just 
suHicieut salt to pre- 
serve it: 

Canary Islands 

Ceut a 

Rio de ()ro 

Germany 

France 

United Kingdom 

Norway 

Portugal 



Total. 



Quantities. 



Kilos. 

4 
121,161 



9, 000 
7,591,.s.S2 

i,f;ir,,s-i2 

11,H24,254 
2.5, ()S9 

100 
20, .520, 992 

ll.H 

2. 1(35, l:U 

:f9, 131 

9, 590, 199 



«, 5:59, 793 



1.59,579 

l,t;oi) 

1,710 

30 

M.MO 

13 

200 

0,305,301 



Value. 



Prsrtaf!. 

3 
92, 082 



7, 524 

5, 709,, KM 

1,2,50,832 

S,9S(i,433 

19, COS 

76 

15,595,954 

90 

1,645,. 500 

29, 740 

7,293,111 



40,690,243 



51,0f,5 

512 

547 

12 

27,140 

4 

64 

2,017,696 



6,5.53,249 2,097,040 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 



Salted , smoked , or pickled 
fish, except in tins: 

Spain a 

Ceuta 

Germany 

France.". 

United Kingdom 

Netherlands 

Italy 

Morocco 

Norway 

Portugal 

British possessions in 
America 



Total. 



Oysters for breeding pur- 
poses, and mussels: 

Ceuta 

Melilla 

Algeria 

Franco 

Portugal 



Total 

All other oysters: 

France 

United Kingdom. 

Total 



Quantities. 



Kilos. 

7,357 

2 

1,754 

11,9.33 

6.5, 376 

8, 278 

.30 

726 

410 

1,206,782 

1,396 



1,304,044 



2 

0, 240 

57,173 

371,844 

313,091 



748,350 



62,013 
5 



62,018 



Value. 



Pesetas. 

3,164 

1 

754 

5, 131 

28,112 

3,560 

13 

312 

176 

518,916 

600 



560, 739 



1 

2,371 

21,726 

141,300 

118,975 



284,373 



40,308 
3 



o So stated Lu original returns of the Spanish Government. 

ITALY. 

Although tlie proiluct of the Italian fishing industry is valued at 
about $4,000,000 a year, it is necessary to import over three times 
that mucli to supply the wants of the country. The most important 
of the fish imports is cod and other dried or smoked stocldish, which 
is valued at more than half of the total imports. The exports of 
fish from Italy are comparatively unim]:)ortant, the largest item being 
canned tunny fish. Canned sardines and anchovies are also exported 
to a limited extent. 

The table that follows shows the imports of fish mto Italy by 
countries during 1912, the latest year for which statistics are avail- 
able (lira =19.3 cents; metric qumtal = 220.46 pounds): 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



29 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 



Fresh fish of all kinds: 

Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

France 

Germany 

Greece .'. 

Malta 

Montenegro 

Russia 

Spain 

Switzerland 

Turkey, European 

Australia 

Spanish Africa 

Algeria 

Tunis 

United States 

Total 

Sardines, packed, and pil- 
chards, dried or smoked: 

United Kingdom 

Montenegro 

Norway T 

Portugal 

Spain 

United States 

Total 

Cod and stockfish, dried or 
smoked : 

Belgium 

Denmark 

Prance 

Germany 

United kingdom 

Norway 

Canada 

United States 

Total 

Herrings, dried or smoked: 

Austria-Hungary 

Denmark ." 

France 

Germany 

United kingdom 

Norway 

Netherlands 

Spain 

United States 

Total 

All other dried or smoked 
flsh: 

Austria-Hungary 

Germany 

United kingdom 

Montenegro 

Norway , 

Netherlands , 

Russia , 

Switzerland , 

Tunis , 

Total 

Fish in brine: 

Austria-Hungary 

France 

Germany 

United kingdom 

Greece 

Malta 

Portugal 

Spain 

Algeria 



Quantity 



Metric 
quintals. 

5,4S4 

1,270 

9,749 

5.56 

1,802 

34 

78 

52 

64 

567 

61 

8 

16 
128 
753 
78 



20,700 



10,292 
19 
173 
33 

15,235 
91 



25,843 



475 
62, 828 
39, 657 
772 
54,782 
196,543 
109,614 
9,271 



473,942 



21 
106 
119 

10 
07,944 
422 
103 
141 
105 



68,971 



109 
34 

897 
568 
8 
20 
14 
21 
149 



3,249 

49 

21 

109 

9 

15 

16,089 

49, 626 

15,250 



Value. 



Lire. 

S77, 440 

207,200 

1,559,840 

SS, 960 

288, 320 

5,440 

12, 480 

8,320 

10,240 

90,720 

9,700 

1,280 

2,560 

20, 4S0 

120,4.SO 

12, 480 



3,316,000 



514,000 

950 

8, 050 

1,050 

761,750 
4,550 



1,292,150 



40,375 
5,340,380 
3,370,845 
65,620 
4,656,470 
16,706,1.55 
9,317,190 
788,035 



40,285,070 



672 
3,392 
3,S08 
320 
2,174,208 
13,. 504 
3,296 
4,612 
3,360 



2,207,072 



5,995 

1,870 

49, .335 

31,240 

440 

1,100 

770 

1,155 

8,195 



100, 100 



266,418 

4,018 

1,722 

8,938 

738 

1,230 

1,319,298 

4,069,332 

1,250,500 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 



Fish in brine— Continued. 

Egypt 

Tripolitania and Cirenaica 

Timis 

Canada 

United States 

Total 

Fish, marinated or in oil, in 
boxes: 
Sardines and anchovies— 

Austria-Hungary 

France 

Germany 

United kingdom 

Norway 

Portugal 

Spain 

Switzerland 

Japan 

Tripolitania and Cire- 
naica 

Tunis 

United States 

Total 

Tunny — 

France 

Germany 

United Kingdom 

Portugal 

Spam 

Tripolitania and Cire- 
naica 

Tunis 

United States 

Total 

All other— 

Austria-Hungary 

France 

Germany 

United kingdom 

Malta 

Norway 

Netherlands 

Portugal 

Spain. 

Brazil 

Canada 

United States 

Total 

Fish, marinated or in oil, 
otherwise packed: 
Sardines and anchovies — 

Austria-Hungary 

France 

Norway 

Portugal 

Total 

Tunny- 
Germany 

Spain 

Total 

All other— 

Austria-Hungary 

France 

Germany 

United Kingdom 

Spain 

Total 



Quantity 



Metric 

quintals. 

70 

4 

485 

21 

11 



85,008 



119 

147 

58 

12 

506 

, 250 

828 

3 

4 

19 
5 
4 



23, 955 



11,1.52 

23, 75 1 



-1,030 
13 



213 

97 

422 

3 



3 
170 



39 

163 

4 



Value. 



Lire. 

5,740 

328 

39,770 

1,722 

902 

0, 970, 656 



17,850 

22,0.50 

8, 700 

1 , 800 

75,900 

3, 337,. 500 

124,200 

450 

600 

2, 850 
750 
600 



3,. 593, 2.50 



10, 4.55 

2, 665 

1,4.35 

2,2.S6, 160 

4,S69,570 

1,610 

.S26, 1.50 

2, 665 

8,000,740 



1,1.55 

35, 145 

16,005 

09, 630 

495 

14,3.55 

2,610 

5,2.^0 

1 , 4,85 

S25 

495 

28, 050 



175,560 



2, 700 

600 

10,800 

6,000 

20, 100 



585 
5,655 



600 

1,050 

5,,S.50 

24,450 

600 



32,550 



30 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Articles and coimtries of 
origin. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Crustaceans and molkisks, 
edible, fresh: 
Austria-Hungary 


Metric 

qiiintah. 

1,626 

10 

314 

s 

13 

32 

1,442 


Lire. 

73, 170 

450 

14,130 

360 

5,S5 

1,440 

04, ,S90 


Crustaceans and mollusks, 
edible, cooked, or other- 
wise prepared: 
France . . ... 


Metric 
quintals. 
S 
4S 
6 
9 


Lire. 


Belgium . 


1,20C 






7,'JOO 


Malta 

Monlenetjro 


British South Africa 

United States 


900 
1,350 




Total. 




Tunis 


71 


10,650 




Grand total 


Total. 


3,445 


155,025 


744,230 


06, 165, 163 







ROUMANIA. 

The Eoumanian fishing industry has made substantial progress in 
the List decade. Imports are still of importance, ])ut the export 
trado has been growing and now amounts to more tliaii $400,000 
annually. The production of Dobrodgia, Bratesh, and the Crown 
land of Braila for the fiscal year 1910-11 amounted to 27,484.197 
pounds of fresh fish and 3,6o9,795 pounds of salt fish. Carp, pike, 
tench, and whitefish are caught in large cpiantities. Some fresh fish 
are imported, but the bulk of the imports are salted, dried, pickled, 
and canned fish. The imports of dried and salted fish in 1910 
amounted to 11,046,899 pounds, and Russia supplied nearly all of 
this. 

The table that follows shows the imports of yarious fish by 
countries in 1910 (kilo = 2.2046 pounds; franc =19.3 cents): 









Countries 


of origin. 






Total. 


.\rticles. 


(li-eece. 


Ger- 
many. 


Nether- 
lands. 


Russia. 


Turkey. 


other 
coun- 
tries. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Carp: 
Fresh 


7w7(i.<!. 


Kilos. 


Kilns. 


Kilos. 

115 
324,330 


Kilos. 


Kilos. 

7,075 

30, 214 


Kilos. 

7, 190 

472, 759 

2 

7,631 

l(>t,933 

260 

4,243 
1,769 

5, 503 

76,430 

7,994,749 

130 

612 

1,591,721 
5, 130 

49 

10,016 

18,819 

261,770 

14,951 


Francs. 
3,595 


Salted 








118,215 


283,655 


Smoked 






2 


2 


Mullet, sheatlish, tench, 

and Danube hen-ing: 

Fresh 






4,411 

'.I4,(t'.i0 

71 

2.sf, 
324 

349 


1,711 

9,200 

101 

1,19S 
465 

1,354 

9,000 

58,985 

50 


1,479 
1,627 

88 

2, 759 
973 

1,611 

67,274 
43,045 


4,579 


Salted 


16 






73,453 








312 


Huso, sturgeon, sterlet, 
and other kinds of 
sturgeon: 
Fresh 








4,243 


Salted 




7 

l,76s; 

156 

1,220 

16 




2,123 


Salmon, sole, turbot, 
trout, sea eel, fresh or 


421 




13, 758 


other fish, n. e. s.: 
Fresh 




22,929 
3,197,900 


Salted or dried 


8,146 


6 


7,S.S3,347 
64 




104 


Stockfish . 




476 
228,579 


136 

62, 989 

36 

3 

03 
5 

S 


612 


Herrings: 
Pickled 




1,262,672 
411 
22 


37,481 
5 




636, 688 




4,596 


82 
24 

9, 953 

18,374 

261,762 

14, 951 


5,143 






81 


Mackerel: 
Dried called "Tziri" .. 








10,016 










440 


18,819 


Tunny 








523, 540 


Roacli 










17,941 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR PISH. 



31 



Sardines: 

Pickled, in casks 

Russian 

Anchovies, pickled, in 

casks 

Sardines and anchovies. 



Pulp 

Lobsters 

Oysters, fresh 

Mussels and other shell- 
fish 

Cray fish 

Smoked fish preserves, 
sturgeon cutlets ("ba- 
tog"), cod, and other 
kinds of sturgeon 

Smoked trout, salmon, 
eels, and sprats 

Fish preserves, in cans, 
in fat, oil, and vinegar . 

Preserves of oysters, lob- 
sters, and other crus- 
taceans and mollusca, 
in fat, oil, and vinegar. . 

Caviar: 

Fresh 

Prepared or pressed 

Botargo (cavair of mul- 
let) 

Spawn of pike and carp, 
and other spawn, fresh 
or salted 

Melt, soft roe, and other 
edible fish remnants 



Countries of origin. 



Kilos. 
163,312 



900 
49 



Ger- 
many. 



Kilos. 
166,399 
10 



197 
3,012 
23,.33S 

6,636 



Nether- 
lands. 



Kilos. 
5,232 



14 

12S 



Kilos 



2<S 

21 

600 



2,515 
33,458 



597,271 
111 



Turkey. 



Kilos. 
13,238 



1,020 
21,2.-)3 



9,418 
23, 944 



1,049 



106 

269 

,822 
33 



Other 
conn- 
tries. 



Kilos. 

11 7, .529 

9 



2,066 



461 
11,451 

1,370 
6, 530 



26 

230 

449, tl95 

12,230 

130 
291 

27 
1,930 



Total. 



Quaiititj' 



Kilos. 
465, 710 
19 

45, 267 

3, 993 
21,302 

1,264 
ll,j575 

10, 825 
30,474 



268 

3,271 

486, 203 



2,6.50 
33, 855 

298 

610, 843 
149 



Francs. 

227,855 
11 

18, 107 

2,396 
31,953 

5,056 
11,675 

1,083 
9, 142 



804 

13,084 

972,406 



39, 7.50 
406, 260 

5, 960 



610,843 
75 



SERBIA. 

Tho per capita consumption of fish in Serbia is low, as the local 
river fisheries are not of great importance and the great Continental 
fish markets are not particularly convenient. Statistics of the 
Serbian catch can not bo obtained for recent years, but in 1906 the 
total amounted to 1,040,741 pounds. Carp are apparently the most 
important fish taken, the catch for 1906 amounting to 225,539 pounds. 
The next biggest catch was 102,234 pounds of catfish. A great 
variety of other river fish are caught, but not in important quantities. 

The imports, which are not of great importance, are shown in the 
following table for 1911, in kilos of 2.2046 pounds and dinars, or 
francs, of 19.3 cents: 



Articles and countries of origin. 



Fresh fish: 
Austria-IIungary 

Bosnia 

Bulgaria 

Germany 

Roumania 

Russia 

Turkey 

Total 



Kilos. 



290,136 
14 


113,011 
15 


2,317 
11 


1,699 
105 


19,698 
800 


21,521 
761 


3,803 


3,179 


316, 779 


140,291 



Dinara 



Articles and coim tries of origin. 



Dried fish, also smoked, salted, 
or prepared in some other way 
without oil, spices, and vine- 
gar: 

Austria-Hungary 

Bulgaria 

Italy 

Germany 

Norway 

Roumania 

Russia 



Kilos. 



12,435 

15 

41 

3,019 

98 

13,428 

216,956 



Dinars. 



13,809 

12 

84 

2,132 

105 

11,954 

190,358 



32 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



Articles and countries of origen. 



Dried fish, also sniolced, salted, 
or prepared in some other 
way -without oil, spices, and 
vinegar — Contuuied. 

Turlcey 

France 

Netherlands 

Montenegro 

Total 

Fish, preserved in oil, vinegar, 
and spices, in casks: 

Austria-Himgary 

( ireecR 

Italy : 

Germany 

Roumaiiia 

Turkey 

Total 

Caviar and substitutes for, fresh 
and preserved: 

Austria-Himgary 

Bulgaria 



Kilos. 


Dinars. 


22,980 


24, 785 


21 


61 


1,670 


869 


147,281 


67, 786 


417,944 


311,955 


1,571 


1,595 


4 


15 


3SS 


1,180 


1,900 


1,832 


109 


219 


10 


25 


3,982 


4,866 


191 


4,047 


2 


59 



Articles and countries of origen. 



Caviar and substitutes for, fresh 
and preserved — Continued. 

Germany 

Roiimania 

Russia 

Turkey 

France 

Total 

Sea and other shell fish, crawfish, 
and sea turtle and other: 

Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

Italy 

Total 

Yellow caviar: 

Austria-Hungaiy 

Russia ." 

Turkey 

Total 



Kilos. 



245 
6 

92 
2 
1 



539 


9,666 


14 
9 
4 


50 
15 
10 


27 


75 


1 
35 
13 


5 

410 

41 



Dinars. 



4,168 
85 

1,247 
44 
16 



GREECE. 



[Consul A. B. Cooke, Patras.] 

Although Greece has perhaps th(^ longest and most varied littoral 
proportionately of any country in the world, its domestic supply of 
fish is entirely inadequate to the needs of the people and the demand 
of the market. In consequence of the limited supply of fresh fish 
that commodity commands a price on the retail market entirely 
l)eyond the means of the working people, the price of the most ordi- 
nary fish rangmg from 17 to 20 cents throughout the year. 

In view of this condition, Greece made a treaty some years ago with 
England by wdiich Greece agreed to reduce the prohibitive duty on 
dried fish to the low rate of about one-half cent ])er pound, the quid 
pro quo being s])ecial exemption from duty on Greek currants and 
raisins entering Newfoundland. Tlie result of this treaty was the 
immediate appearance on the Greek market of the dried Labrador 
cod or stocldish. 

The cod is brought direct to this market from tlie Labrador coast 
or from Newfoundland in steamers or saihng vessels by the cargo. 
In 1912 there were thus brought to the markets of this consular chs- 
trict at least 42,000 quintals (quintal = 112 pounds) of cod, seUmg at 
the ports for S5.60 per quintal ($5 per 100 pounds). They were 
brought in by the local importers and disposed of to the retail dealers. 
Prices liave been so favoral^le that the consumer has been able to buy 
dried cod at 7 to 8 cents a pound. He is tlierefore little inclined to pay 
17 to 20 cents a pound for fresh fish. 

In addition to the trade in cod, there is also an appreciable trade 
carried on in Labrador salmon. This article comes via Liverpool or 
New York, sliipped in tierces of 300 pounds net. For prime large red 
fish the price in 1912 ranged from $26.75 to $28.25 per tierce at Greek 
ports. This market takes 300 to 400 tierces of salmon annually, 
which is consumed by the wealthier classes. The season extends from 



EUEOPEAN MARKETS FOE FISH. 



33 



October to March, fish of both kinds bemg sought especially during 
the seasons of religious fasting. 

There is also a fair import trade in smoked herring, some $100,000 
worth a year coming from England. There is very httle trade in 
canned fish, owing to a less favorable duty on such goods. Small 
quantities of sardines in tin come from France and somewhat larger 
quantities in tierces. 

IMPORT STATISTICS. 

The Greek imports of fish in 1911 are shown in the following table, 
the quantities in okes of 2.8215 pounds, and the values in francs of 
19.3 cents: 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 



Fresh fish: 

Turkey 

Egypt 

Netherlands . 
Portugal 



Total. 



Fish, salted, in brine, mari- 
nated, or smoked: 

Austria-Hungary 

Portugal 

Italy 

United Kingdom 

Turkey 

Spain 

Africa 

Germany 

France 

Russia 

East Indies 

Bulgaria 

Roumania 

Netherlands 



Total. 



Fish, salted, "lakerda and 
tsiri:" 

Turkey 

United Kingdom 

Italy 

Germany 

Portugal ■. 

Bulgaria 

United States 

Russia 



Total. 



Herrings: 
United Kingdom. 
Austria-Hungary . 

Turkey 

France 

Sweden 

Netherlands 

Germany 



Total. 



Mackerel and palamides, 
salted: 

Turkey 

Bulgaria 

Portugal 



Total. 



liuantity. 



Ofcfs. 
12,379 
5,160 
3,582 
3,535 



24,65(5 



216,525 

203,605 

67, 533 

5S, 703 

13, 330 

9,242 

2,909 

1,959 

1,389 

835 

131 

65 

21 

22,975 



599,282 



112,444 
987 
986 
506 
241 
144 
142 
13 



115,463 



865, 144 

12,430 

1,748 

'606 

565 

323 

14<D 



880,956 



12,863 

200 

24 



13,087 



Value. 



Francs. 
14, 855 
6,192 
4,298 
4,242 



29, 587 



476, 355 

447,931 

148, 572 

129,213 

29,326 

20,332 

6,532 

4,310 

3,050 

1,837 

288 

143 

46 

50,545 



1,318,486 



337,332 

2,961 

2,958 

1,518 

723 

432 

426 

39 



346,389 



1,038,172 
14,916 

2,098 
727 
678 
388 
168 



1,057,147 



18,008 
2.80 
33 



18,321 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 



Fish called enos, lobsters, 
timny in small l)oxes, 
etc.: 

United Kmgdom 

France 

Austria-Hungary 

Netherlands 

Norway '. . . 

Germany 

Turkey." 

Italy 

Russia 

United States 

Total 

Sardines in casks: 

France 

Portugal 

Netherlands 

Italy 

Austria-Hungary 

Germany 

United Kingdom 

Turkey 

Egypt". 

Total 

Cod and stockfish: 

United Kingdom 

France 

United States 

Turkey 

Italy 

Germany 

Austria-Hungary 

Crete 

Norway 

Russia 

East Indies 

Denmark 

Total 

Gray mullet, smoked: 

Italy 

Turkey 

Chios 

Total 

Dried, pulp dried or other- 
wise prepai'ed, eels, and 
shrimps: 

Africa 

Tin-key 

Italy 

Russia 



Ciuanlity 



Ofc(i. 



17, 154 

2, .532 

332 

198 

193 

145 

88 

SI 

23 

14 



20, 760 



2,176 

1,181 

1,156 

758 

583 

312 

28S 

38 



6, 500 



2,241,266 

1,759,405 

25,247 

11,407 

7,440 

6,499 

3,001 

1,246 

753 

581 

564 

456 



4,057,925 



9,568 
624 
190 



10,382 



43,898 

24,369 

22, 120 

6, 422 



Francs. 



68, 616 

10, 128 

1,328 

792 

772 

580 

352 

324 

92 

56 



83,040 



9, 139 
4,960 
4,855 
3,184 
2,448 
1,310 
1,210 
160 
34 



27,300 



1,793,012 

1,407,524 

20, 198 

9, 126 

5,952 

5, 199 

2,449 

997 

602 

465 

451 

365 



3,246,340 



19, 136 

1,248 

380 



20,764 



96,575 
53,612 

48, 664 
14,128 



34 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 



Dried, pulp dried or other- 
wise prepared, eels, and 
shrimps — Continued. 

Austria-Hiuigary 

Unit ed Kingdom 

France 

Total 

Caviar, lilack, and lishroe: 

Russia 

Turlcey 

EgMit 

United Kingdom 

Total 

Caviar, red, of all kinds: 

Russia 

Turkey 



Quantity. 



Okcs. 
3,293 
1,334 
810 



102,246 



5,707 
IS 
IS 
6 



5,749 



396, 095 
1,442 



Value. 



Francs. 
7,245 
2,935 
1,782 



224,941 



79,898 

252 

252 

84 



3,486 



712,971 
2, .596 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 



Caviar, red, of all kinds 
Contmuod. 

United Kingdom 

Austria-Hungary 

Total 

Oysters: 

Turkey 

Austria-Hungary 

Total 

Shellfish, all other: 

Crete 

Turkey 

Bulgaria 

Total 



Quantity. 



525 



17,714 
313 



18, 027 



101,901 

32,. 554 

1,100 



135,555 



Value 



Francs. 
1,589 
945 



35,428 
626 



36, 054 



50, 950 

16,277 

5.50 



67, 777 



BULGARIA. 

The fishing industry of Bulgaria is not of great importance, and 
such fish as are caught are for domestic consumption. Sturgeon, 
sterlet, salmon, and carp are caught in the Danube, and turbot, mack- 
erel, and other similar fish are taken in considerable quantities in the 
Black Sea. The imports of fish are not of great value, the principal 
item being salted fisli from Turkey and Russia, the former furnishing 
2,396,990 kilos (5,813,085 pounds) in 1910 and the latter 207,906 kilos 
(458,349 pounds). 

The following table shows the imports of fish into Bulgaria in 1910, 
the latest year for which statistics are available (kilo = 2.2046 pounds; 
franc = 19.3 cents): 



Articles and countries. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Articles and countries. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Fish, fresJi, of all kinds: 
Austria-IIimgary 


Kilos. 
153 
11,390 
39,530 


Francs. 
229 
14,211 

19,557 


Fish, smoked, of all kinds; 
herrings and stockfish — 
Continued. 
Russia 


Kilos. 
1,114 
343 
43 

58 


Francs. 




3,200 




Tiu-key 

France 


780 


Total 


51,073 


3:3,997 


143 






65 


Fish, salted, of all kinds: 


229 

1,546 

5,826 

6, 455 

16, 0S6 

207, 906 

2,396,990 

382 

550 

828 


213 

874 

3,766 

4,705 

10,891 

137, 127 

1,466,954 

419 

345 

487 


Total 




3,434 


11,013 




Fish, not elsewhere specified: 
Total, from Germany 

Fish roe: 




(Jre^ce 

Italy 


4 


45 








54 
3 






844 




other countries 


22 




Total 






57 


866 




Caviar, black: 




Total 


2,636,798 


1,625,781 


28 

7 

113 

340 

4 

60 






475 




706 

19,088 

1.54 


901 

26,807 

129 




210 






2,373 






6,425 






130 






1,049 




Total 




Total 


19,948 


27,837 


552 


10,662 




j Pike roe: 




Fish, smoked, of all kinds; 


33 
1,320 

296 


1.33 

5,630 

563 

499 


282 

284 

5,, 594 


1,139 






1,130 




Turkey 


16,481 




Total 




Roumania 


6,160 


18, 750 



EUROPEAN MAEKETS FOR FISH. 



35 



^ 












rticles and countries. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Articles and countries. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Caviar, red: 


Kilos. 

61 

4,059 

153,865 

16,040 

21 


Francs. 

45 

6,791 

188,358 

30,234 

51 


Pulp: 

Total, from Turkey 

Meat of lobsters, mussels, 
turtles , and other marine 
animals: 
Total, from Turkey 


Kilos. 
20, 080 


Francs. 
33, 137 










Turkey 






3 






Total 


174,046 


225,479 








Crabs, mussels, oysters, etc. , 
fresh: 


8,940 

87 
57 


7,213 

203 
29 








Roumania 








Total 


9,090 


7,445 









SWITZERLAND. 

The principal, in fact the only important, import of American fish 
into Switzerland, consists of frozen salmon. It is imported through 
Hamburg houses and is said to be sold at times for the popular Rhine 
salmon. The American product retails at 24 to 41 cents a pound 
and Swiss salmon sells at 57 to 77 cents. 

The retail prices of canned salmon range from 16 to 31 cents per 
can, the better grades coming from the United States. Canned 
shrimp packed in New Orleans and Biloxi have appeared in the 
market and are becoming popular. Slu"imp sells for 27 cents per 
haK-pound can and 41 cents per pound can. 

The Swiss market for fish is, of course, not an extensive one, as may 
be judged from the following table, which shows the Swiss imports of 
fish by countries for 1913 (metric quintal = 220.46 pounds; franc = 
19.3 cents) : 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 



Fresh-water fish, fresh or 
frozen: 

Germany 

Austria- Hmigary 

France 

Italy 

Netherlands 

United Kingdom 

Russia 

Sweden 

Norway 

United" States , 

Total 

Salt-water fish, fresh or fro- 
zen: 

Germany 

France 

Italy 

Belgium 

Netherlands 

United Kingdom 

Denmaik 

Total 

Fish, dried, salted, pickled, 
smoked., or otherwise 
prepared: 
In receptacles weighing 
more than 3 kilos^ 

Germany 

Austria-Himgary 

France 

Italy 



Quantity. 



Metric 

quintals. 

2,095 

339 

1,257 

671 

348 

333 

930 

51 

206 

1,281 



7,511 



10,358 
4, 669 
66 
2,589 
1,138 
2,462 
1,148 



22,430 



2,424 

15 

1,271 

1,349 



Value. 



Francs. 
377, 100 

71,190 
377, 100 
107,360 

69, 600 
163, 170 
176, 700 

16,575 

70,040 
243,390 



1,672,225 



673, 270 
840,420 

14,520 
517,800 

91,040 
344,680 

80, 360 



2,562,090 



266, 640 

1,650 

158,875 

141,645 



Articles and coimtries of 
origin. 



Fish, dried, salted, pickled, 
smoked, or otherwise— 
Centinued. 

In receptacles weighing 
more than 3 kilos — 
Continued. 

Belgium 

Netherlands 

United Kingdom 

Russia 

Sweden 

Norway 

Denmark 

^ Portugal 

Spain 

Canada 

United States 

Total 

In receptacles weighing 3 
kilos or less- 
Germany 

Austriarilungary 

France 

Italy 

Belgium 

Netherlands 

United Kingdom 

Russia 

Sweden 

Norway 

Denmark 

Portugal 

Spain 

British India 



Quantity. 



Metric 

quintals. 

304 

620 

1,172 

1 

1 

1,592 

230 

142 

1,289 

11 

47 



10, 468 



399 

12 

3,996 

332 

143 

11 

437 

9 

18 

1,522 

5 

1,263 

846 

3 



Value. 



Francs. 

38,000 

89,900 

140,640 

110 

110 

175,120 

25,300 

19,880 

206, 240 

1,320 

5,640 



1,271,070 



67, .S30 

2,040 

1,098,900 

56,440 

28,600 

2,310 

91,770 

1,530 

3,060 

258, 740 

850 

194,450 

126, 900 

495 



36 



EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR FISH. 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Articles and countries of 
origin. 


Quantity. 


Valae. 


Fish, dried, salted, pickled, 
smol^ed, or otherwise— 


Metric 
quintals. 
1 
150 

SO 

1 

3 


Francs. 

165 

24.750 

13,200 

165 

■)i)5 


Mussels and shellfish, oys- 
ters, lobsters, etc., fresh: 


Metric 
quintals. 

696 

100 

121 

1 

1 


Francs. 
1,500 


In receptacles weighing 3 




184,440 


Italy 


40,000 


China 


Belgium 


42, 350 




Netherlands 


240 


ITnited States 


United States 


250 


Colombia 


Total 




924 


268, 780 








Total 


0,231 


1,972,6<)0 











EGYPT. 

The fishing industry of Egypt is of considerahlo importance? 
especially at Lake Menzola, where no less than 4,000 persons are 
employed. There is also fishing on an important scale in the Nile 
and at the Delta. The value of the annual catch is estimated at 
about $1,000,000. Dried and salted fish eggs, known as batarekh, 
are greatly relished. 

Practically no fresh fish are imported, the only important purchases 
abroad being preserved fish of some sort. Over 4,000,000 pounds 
arc im])orted from the United Kingdom. Imports for 1913 are 
shown in the table that follows in Egyptian pounds of $4,943 and 
kilos of 2.2046 pounds: 



Articles and eoimtries of 
origin. 



Fisli, salted, smoked, or 
preserved: 

United Kingdom 

British possessions in the 
Mediterranean 

British India 

Australia and Now Zea- 
land 

British possessions ii 
Africa 

Abyssinia 

Germany 

Austria-Hungary 

Brazil ' 

Denmark 

Spain 

United Stat es 

France 

Frencli Mediterranean 
possessions 

Greece 

Netherlands 

Italy 

Norway 



Quantity. 



Kilos. 
1,<»13,772 

1,914 
1,902 

84,722 

648 

4,202 

100,538 

5, 709 

31 

37, 784 

121,216 

7, 148 

252,400 

720 

156,332 

9,121 

319, 158 

298, 833 



^'alue. 



Egyptian 

■pounds. 

38,025 

87 
34 

5,677 

19 

84 

1,526 

264 

11 

1,005 

5,621 

281 

9,899 

64 

3,797 

194 

13,447 

11,246 



Articles and countries of 
origin. 



Fish, salted, smoked, or 
preserved — Continued. 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia 

."Sweden 

Switzerland 

Tiu'key 

Total 

Caviar of all kinds: 

Austria-Hungary 

France 

Greece 

Russia 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

Total 

Shellfish, all kinds: Total, 
from Turkey 



Quantity. 



Kilos. 

411,322 

213 

12, 704 

726 

5,818 

168, 802 



3,915,735 



151 

50 

190 

41,586 

149 

1,295 



43, 421 



35,927 



\'alue. 



Egyptian 

pounds. 

14, 224 

20 

615 

38 

769 

7,968 



114,915 



173 
119 
14 
3,713 
294 
181 



4,494 



367 



o 



Gaylord Bros. 

Makers 

Syracuse, N. ^ 

PAT.JAN.2l,190a 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




